(a)
Interpretation: Hagemann’s ester is to be prepared by the use of a mixture of ethyl acetoacetate and formaldehyde as starting materials.
Concept introduction: The reaction of preparation of Hagemann’s ester follows a series of steps. In first step, a base abstracts a proton from the
(b)
Interpretation: Hagemann’s ester is to be prepared by the use of a mixture of ethyl acetoacetate and formaldehyde as starting materials.
Concept introduction: The reaction of preparation of Hagemann’s ester follows a series of steps. In first step, a base abstracts a proton from the
(c)
Interpretation: Hagemann’s ester is to be prepared by the use of a mixture of ethyl acetoacetate and formaldehyde as starting materials.
Concept introduction: The reaction of preparation of Hagemann’s ester follows a series of steps. In first step, a base abstracts a proton from the
(d)
Interpretation: Hagemann’s ester is to be prepared by the use of a mixture of ethyl acetoacetate and formaldehyde as starting materials.
Concept introduction: The reaction of preparation of Hagemann’s ester follows a series of steps. In first step, a base abstracts a proton from the
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Organic Chemistry
- What is the first step in a base catalyzed aldol reaction? A. Protonation of Carbonyl group B. Elimination of Carbonyl with an alkene C. Formation of an Enolate D. Elimination of hydroxide E. Addition of nucleophile to R2C=Oarrow_forwardGive the reaction mechanism for the following: a. Aldol condensation b. Claisen condensation c. Dehydration of aldol i. in basic medium ii. in acidic mediumarrow_forwardGive the major organic product(s) that would be expected on reaction of 3-pentanone with 1 equivalent of LDA, followed by addition of 1 equivalent of each of the given reagents. The starting material has been drawn in each box for your convenience. Do not draw any inorganic byproducts, such as HX. a. The reagent is CH,CH, Br. 1. LDA 2. reagent b. The reagent is (CH,), CHCIarrow_forward
- 7. When the following ketone is treated with sodium hydroxide, two different enolates can form. a. Draw the two enolates, including an arrow pushing mechanism for their formation and any relevant resonance structures. NaOH b. Which enolate is favored when using sodium hydroxide as the base? Explain. c. Predict the product of the reaction and include an arrow-pushing mechanism. 1. NaOH 2. Brarrow_forward2. When the following pair of reactants are combined in the presence of a basic catalyst, a number of aldol addition products are possible). NaOH/H₂O A CH3 a. b. C. H₂C Draw the structure for the enolate ion (show both of the relevant resonance structures). Draw the structures for all possible aldol addition products (also show the enolate ion and electrophilic carbonyl compound responsible for each product). For each of the aldol addition products predicted in part b, draw the structures for all of the corresponding aldol condensation products after loss of water (if E/Z isomers are possible, show both isomers)arrow_forwardProvide the reactant(s) that would give the following possible aldol condensation product. A. H B. H enlig Si E. C. D. OH Oarrow_forward
- a. What carboxylic acid is formed when the malonic ester synthesis is carried out with one equivalent of malonic ester, one equivalent of 1,5-dibromopentane, and two equivalents of base?b. What carboxylic acid is formed when the malonic ester synthesis is carried out with two equivalents of malonic ester, one equivalent of1,5-dibromopentane, and two equivalents of base?arrow_forwardWhich is the major product of the following reaction? A. B. فة Base Major enolate C. an equal mixture of A and B D. no enolate can be formedarrow_forwardWhat products are obtained from the following reactions? a. ethyl benzoate + excess isopropanol + HCl b. phenyl acetate + excess ethanol + HClarrow_forward
- MC1. Grignard reagent and organolithium reagents can be prepared in presence of acidic functional groups. MC2. Gilman reagents react with formaldehyde and gives alcohol. MC3. An SN2 attack on the chiral center would result in inversion of stereochemistry. MC4. Acetal cannot be formed in base as the -OH group is a bad leaving group. MC5. Carbon dioxide can readily react with Gilman reagent to form carboxylic acid. MC6. Alkynes anion are powerful nucleophiles that react with epoxides, aldehyde and ketones. MC7. Simple phosphonium yilde forms the Z product which is the thermodynamic product. MC8. When the reaction is under kinetic control the ratio of the products formed is determined by the relative energies of the transition states. MC9. A significant concentration of strong acids and strong bases cannot co-exist in the same reaction. MC10. The driving force for the Wittig reaction is the formation of a strong carbon-carbon double bond. MC11. A baby-shark trap can be used to remove…arrow_forwardThe reaction of a nitrile with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid forms an N-substituted amide. This reaction, known as the Ritter reaction, doesnot work with primary alcohols. a. Propose a mechanism for the Ritter reaction.b. Why does the Ritter reaction not work with primary alcohols?c. How does the Ritter reaction differ from the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of a nitrile to form an amide?arrow_forwarda. Propose a mechanism for the reaction of acetic anhydride with water.b. How does this mechanism differ from the mechanism for the reaction of acetic anhydride with an alcohol?arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning