Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Question
Chapter 2, Problem 40RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The difference between Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response, and ER-associated protein degradation.
Introduction:
ER stress, unfolded protein response, and ER-associated protein degradation are all related processes as they deal with abnormally folded proteins. One process leads to initiation of another process.
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Inactive precursor proteins with removable signal peptides are called _____________.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2RQCh. 2 - Prob. 3RQCh. 2 - Prob. 4RQCh. 2 - Prob. 5RQCh. 2 - Prob. 6RQCh. 2 - Prob. 7RQCh. 2 - Prob. 8RQCh. 2 - Prob. 9RQCh. 2 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 2 - Prob. 11RQCh. 2 - Prob. 12RQCh. 2 - Prob. 13RQCh. 2 - Prob. 14RQCh. 2 - Prob. 15RQCh. 2 - Prob. 16RQCh. 2 - Prob. 17RQCh. 2 - Prob. 18RQCh. 2 - Prob. 19RQCh. 2 - Prob. 20RQCh. 2 - Prob. 21RQCh. 2 - Prob. 22RQCh. 2 - Prob. 23RQCh. 2 - Prob. 24RQCh. 2 - Prob. 25RQCh. 2 - Prob. 26RQCh. 2 - Prob. 27RQCh. 2 - Prob. 28RQCh. 2 - Prob. 29RQCh. 2 - Prob. 30RQCh. 2 - Prob. 31RQCh. 2 - Prob. 32RQCh. 2 - Prob. 33RQCh. 2 - Prob. 34RQCh. 2 - Prob. 35RQCh. 2 - Prob. 36RQCh. 2 - Prob. 37RQCh. 2 - Prob. 38RQCh. 2 - Prob. 39RQCh. 2 - Prob. 40RQCh. 2 - Prob. 41RQCh. 2 - Prob. 42RQCh. 2 - Prob. 43RQCh. 2 - Prob. 44RQCh. 2 - Prob. 45RQCh. 2 - Prob. 46RQCh. 2 - Prob. 47RQCh. 2 - Prob. 48RQCh. 2 - Prob. 49RQCh. 2 - Prob. 50RQCh. 2 - Prob. 51FBCh. 2 - Prob. 52FBCh. 2 - Prob. 53FBCh. 2 - Prob. 54FBCh. 2 - Prob. 55FBCh. 2 - Prob. 56FBCh. 2 - Prob. 57FBCh. 2 - Prob. 58FBCh. 2 - Prob. 59FBCh. 2 - Prob. 60FBCh. 2 - Prob. 61SACh. 2 - Prob. 62SACh. 2 - Prob. 63SACh. 2 - Prob. 64SACh. 2 - Prob. 65SACh. 2 - Prob. 66TQCh. 2 - Prob. 67TQCh. 2 - Prob. 68TQCh. 2 - Prob. 69TQCh. 2 - Prob. 70TQCh. 2 - Prob. 71TQCh. 2 - Prob. 72TQCh. 2 - Prob. 73TQCh. 2 - Prob. 1QCh. 2 - Prob. 2QCh. 2 - Prob. 3QCh. 2 - Prob. 4Q
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- The _____________ is an explanation for why there are fewer tRNAs than expected in living cells.arrow_forwardPosttranslational processing enzymes may cleave a____________ or add chemical constituents to itarrow_forwardQuestion 1: tRNA and amino acyl tRNA synthetases Part g: What chemical and structural characters are shared by the amino acids Ile, Val and Met? Part h: What enzyme attaches Ile to tRNA? Part i: Compare the frequency of the correct Ile entering the active site and the frequency of an incorrect amino acid entering the active site of this enzyme. Be specific with numbers. Part j: Compare the frequency of the correct tRNA(Ile) entering the active site and the frequency of an incorrect tRNA entering the active site of this enzyme. Be specific with numbers. Part k: Apply the Entropy change formula and multiply by T = 303 K (30 C) to determine the energetic cost of accurately attaching Ile to its cognate tRNA(Ile). Part l: Is there enough energy in the chemical transformation of ATP → AMP + 2Pi to pay this information cost?arrow_forward
- ______________ Proteins Function in Several Quality-Control Steps of Translation.arrow_forwardQuestion 9 The nucleoside monophosphates are seen in metabolic pathways because their phosphoric anhydride bonds can be hydrolyzed off for energy. A) True B) Falsearrow_forwardIn _____________ heterogeneity, mutations in one of two or moredifferent genes can cause the same disease.arrow_forward
- Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is an enzyme that is responsible for the metabolism of the drugs azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, which are used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia and inflammatory bowel disease. Metabolism by TPMT reduces the bioavailability of the drugs. In addition to the thiopurine substrates, TPMT also binds S-adenosyl methionine as a cofactor. TPMT is a highly polymorphic enzyme; almost 30 variants are known to be expressed in humans, with most of the variants possessing lower enzymatic activity than the wild-type protein (TPMTwt). Despite having substitutions remote from the active site, TPMT*2 (an A80P variant) and TPMT*5 (an L49S variant) have enzyme activities of 47% and 14% relative to TPMTwt at 18°C, respectively. Two techniques were used to understand the relationships between enzymatic activity and protein stability. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy measures the differential absorption of left and right-circularly polarized light and is used…arrow_forwardWhat are the differences between synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?arrow_forwardOrotic aciduria is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme UMP synthase (a bifunctional protein composed of orotate pyrophosphoribosyl transferase and OMP decarboxylase activities). What symptom accounts for the disease’s name? Suggest a possible treatment.arrow_forward
- Transition-state analogs, which can be used as enzyme inhibitors and to generate catalytic antibodies, are often difficult to synthesize. Suggest a reason.arrow_forwardThe Hatch–Slack pathway is an alternative name for _____________.arrow_forwardOrotic aciduria results when one of the enzyme activities of UMP synthetase is absent. This syndrome is characterized by large amounts of orotic acid in the blood and urine, megaloblastic anemia (characterized by large, immature , and dysfunctional red blood cells) and retarded growth. Suggest a possible treatment for this condition.arrow_forward
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