Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 2, Problem 3Q
Summary Introduction
To review:
The estimate of the average mass of a mitochondrion, considering the fact that mitochondria occupy 20% of the volume in the human body and there are 1
Introduction:
The mitochondria aredouble-membraned cell organelles, which act as the main site for the aerobic
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Using the concepts of endo- and exo-cytosis explain the origin of the mitochondria. Include a drawing
Match the following structures with their definitions: (1) Golgi apparatus (2) mitochondria (3) peroxisomes (4) cilia (5) endoplasmic reticulum (6) cytoskeleton (7) vesicles (8) ribosomes A. sacs that contain enzymes thatcatalyze a variety of specific biochemical reactionsB. structures on which protein synthesis occursC. structures that house the reactions that release energy from nutrientsD. a network of microfilaments and microtubules that supports and shapes a cellE. a structure that adds sugars to certain proteins and processes them for secretionF. membrane-bounded sacsG. a network of membranous channels and sacs where lipids and proteinsare synthesizedH. hairlike structures that extend from certain cell surfaces and wave about.
What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis about the origin of mitochondria? What are the molecular facts that support the hypothesis? To which other cellular organelles can the hypothesis also be applied?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
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- Match the following structures with their definitions: (1) Golgi apparatus (2) mitochondria (3) peroxisomes (4) cilia (5) endoplasmic reticulum (6) cytoskeleton (7) vesicles (8) ribosomesA. sacs that contain enzymes that catalyze a variety of specific biochemical reactions B. structures on which protein synthesis occurs C. structures that house the reactions that release energy from nutrients D. a network of microfilaments and microtubules that supports and shapes a cell E. a structure that adds sugars to certain proteins and processes them for secretion F. membrane-bounded sacs G. a network of membranous channels and sacs where lipids and proteins are synthesized H. hairlike structures that extend from certain cell surfaces and wave abouarrow_forwardAlthough both organelles originated as free-living prokaryotes, mitochondria are significantly smaller than chloroplasts. Suggest a reason for this discrepancy.arrow_forwardFamilial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic condition characterized by an absence of functional LDL receptors on the surface of cells. Patients who are homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia usually die of coronary artery disease in childhood. Which of the following disorders could mimic the symptoms of familial hypercholesterolemia? (A) LDL receptor endocytosis machinery is non-functional (B) lack of ATP allosteric site on AMPK(C) Golgi proteases that cleave SREBP are not synthesized (D) mutation in the HMG CoA reductase SRE sequence. (E) inability to secrete VLDL from the liverarrow_forward
- In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Ci represents: the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the membrane potential (in millivolts) the intracellular concentration of calcium the intracellular concentration of potassium Which of the following ions must be kept to very low concentrations within the cell cytoplasm in order to allow for enough substrate molecules to synthesize nucleotides and nucleic acids? HCO3- (bicarbonate) Ca2+ (calcium) PO43- (phosphate) Na+ (sodium) K+ (potassium)arrow_forwardOnly 37 of the proteins in mitochondria are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA. The other proteins are encoded in nuclear DNA, then translated and transported to the mitochondria. Describe one unique feature of protein transport across mitochondrial membranes.arrow_forwardDescribe two common characteristics of chloroplasts and mitochondria. Consider both function and membrane structure.arrow_forward
- Course X Edio | Course x Edio | Course x A mitochond x Edio Course X /1089900/lessons/1533965/variants/2428207/take/14/ A * Practice TEXT ANSWER Many different microscopic organisms can be found in pond ecosystems, including the three organisms shown in the diagrams below. The primary cellular structures in each of these single celled organisms are labeled in the diagram. Some of the structures are com- mon to all three organisms and other structures are not. One of the three organisms be- low can obtain energy through photosynthesis. a. Based on the diagrams, identify which organism is able to perform photosynthesis. Explain your reasoning. b. Identify the two reactants for photosynthesis. c. At times, this photosynthetic organism can switch to being heterotrophic. Describe a condition that would favor this organism being heterotrophic. Explain your answer. Answer using 2 to 3 complete sentences for each question. Organism 2 Organism 1 Cytoplasm Chloroplast- Cilia Polysaccharide…arrow_forwardA red heme-containing protein called leghemoglobin is found in the nitrogen-fixing root nodules of leguminous plants. The protein component is produced by the plant, whereas bacterial cells produce the precursor of heme. Can you deduce the function of leghemoglobin? [Hint: Leghemoglobin is a member of the globin superfamily.]arrow_forwardWithin the eukaryotic cell, the source of most of the energy stored in ATP is produced through the: a) breakdown of chlorophyll in the mitochondrion b) mitochondrion completing the oxidation of pyruvate (3 carbon chains) c) oxidation of glucose in the cytoplasm d) hydrolysis within the lysosome e) storage of glucose as glycogen by a storage vesiclearrow_forward
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