(a) Interpretation: The curved-arrow mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reaction of mechlorethamine with water is to be stated. Concept introduction: Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.71AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reaction of mechlorethamine with water is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for cross-linking of the DNA molecule by mechlorethamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

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b) The Wolf-Kishner reduction is a reaction used in Organic Chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene group. The reaction was used to convert an aldehyde or ketone to an alkane using hydrazine, base and thermal conditions. The mechanism begins with the attack of hydrazine of the aldehyde or ketone. Stage 1: The reaction of aldehyde/ketone with hydrazine to produce hydrazine Stage 2: Reaction with the base and heat to convert hydrozone to alkane Write the mechanism of the reaction.

When trichloroacetaldehyde is dissolved in water, almost all of it is converted to the hydrate. Chloral hydrate, the product of the reaction, is a sedative that can be lethal. A cocktail laced with it is known—in detective novels,at least—as a “Mickey Finn.” Explain why an aqueous solution of trichloroacetaldehyde is almost all hydrate.

When trichloroacetaldehyde is dissolved in water, almost all of it is converted to the hydrate. Chloral hydrate, the product of the reaction, is a sedative that can be lethal. A cocktail laced with it is known—in detective novels, at least—as a “Mickey Finn.” Explain why an aqueous solution of trichloroacetaldehyde is almost all hydrate.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.71AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reaction of mechlorethamine with water is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for cross-linking of the DNA molecule by mechlorethamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.71AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reaction of mechlorethamine with water is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for cross-linking of the DNA molecule by mechlorethamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.71AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reaction of mechlorethamine with water is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for cross-linking of the DNA molecule by mechlorethamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11.71AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reaction of mechlorethamine with water is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for cross-linking of the DNA molecule by mechlorethamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11.71AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reaction of mechlorethamine with water is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11.71AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reaction of mechlorethamine with water is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for cross-linking of the DNA molecule by mechlorethamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism for cross-linking of the DNA molecule by mechlorethamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which an nucleophile attacks the compounds and substitute a group which also acts as a nucleophile. The NGP is a phenomenon which helps in the enhancement of the rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.1P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.2P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.3P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.4P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.5P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.6P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.7P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.8P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.9P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the curved-arrow mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reaction of mechlorethamine with water.

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