Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 25, Problem 16TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The comparison between the cellular animals found in the hot springs and the prehistoric bacterial cells.
Introduction:
According to biology, living beings like humans, animals, bacteria, plants, and
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Would the following ancestral cell have been a prokaryote
or an
early eukaryote? Briefly explain
your answer.
Evolutionary microbiologists developed a theory about a common ancestor for all eukaryotic cells. Below is a model of the theorized changes during the origin of eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes are not capable of phagocytosis, or engulfing outside particles by creating a pocket in the cell membrane.
Which of the following changes in early prokaryotes could be predicted to result in the emergence of eukaryotic organisms?
A - the development of genetic transfer mechanisms in prokaryotes
B - the evolution of predatory or parasitic relationships in prokaryotes
C - the emergence of collections of cells functioning together in prokaryotes
D = the expansion of internal structures to support larger individual cells in prokaryotes
Which of the following is evidence that eukaryotes and prokaryotes share a common ancestor?
a.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes use organic molecules as an energy source.
b.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes are capable of mitosis.
c.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain ribosomes.
d.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain linear DNA.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 25.1 - Why is the reducing nature of early Earths...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 25.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 25.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 25.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 25.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 25 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 25 - Which of the following is not a characteristic of...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 25 - According to the OparinHaldane hypothesis, the...
Ch. 25 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 25 - In a population of self-replicating RNA molecules,...Ch. 25 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 25 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 25 - Prob. 3ITD
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- Analyses of genomes have allowed researchers to determine that some cells have very small genomes. If you were asked to predict which organisms are likely to have smaller genomes than others, which option below would be MOST likely? A. Bacteria that live in plant hosts are likely to have smaller genomes than those that live in animal hosts as it takes a smaller variety of metabolic processes to survive in an animal host. B. Although less is known about Archaea than about Bacteria as fewer species have been studied, it is likely that Archaea have smaller genomes on average than Bacteria as they have fewer metabolic needs. C. Bacteria that are endosymbionts, living within a host, can survive with smaller genomes than free-living Bacteria because they can rely on their host for many of their needs. D. Protists generally have had smaller genomes than Bacteria because Bacteria have such large amounts of noncoding DNA.arrow_forwardSerial endosymbiosis is the most supported theory on how the first eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. The figure depicts the evolution of eukaryotic cells which include links to prokaryotic cells from early in the history of life. Identify the cellular structures involved in the connection of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe the characteristics of the cellular structures that supports the evolutionary connection. State a claim on how eukaryotic cells evolved. Using evolutionary evidence justify your claim. The cells modeled above are a result are descendants of an original cell.arrow_forwardWhich is a piece of evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory? Select all that apply. (Group of answer choices) A. many bacteria are resistant to antibiotics B. eukaryotic cells have cell membranes C. mitochondria have their own DNA D. chloroplast DNA is more similar to cyanobacteria DNA than eukaryotic DNA E. ribosomes are present in eukaryotic cells F. mitochondria must divide to multiply, cells can't build themarrow_forward
- The hypercycle model explains which of the following? A) How the evolutionary transition from prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells through acquisiton of membrane bound organelles. B) How viruses first originated alongside cellular life through a hyper replicating RNA lineage. C) How individual replicating molecules like RNA, DNA, and proteins entered a molecular mutualism and became encapsulated forming protocells. D) How cycles of heat and electricity experimentally lead to the formation of amino acids in the lab.arrow_forwardWhat did the Miller-Urey experiment demonstrate? A. Life originated in outer space and was brought to Earth on a meteor. B. Complex molecules can be formed from water, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen gas in a reducing atmosphere. C. Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells following an endosymbiotic event. D. RNA was the genetic storage merial before DNA.arrow_forwardYou are discussing the choice of the “oil-eating” bacteria that you will use to clean the affected area from the oil spill and your team wants to know whether the Kalba sea constitutes a natural habitat for these bacteria. Formulate a hypothesis stating why or why not the Kalba sea area can be considered a natural habitat for such bacteria. Support your answer by discussing the role of evolution in contributing to the survival and thriving of “oil-eating” bacteria. Explain how and why these bacteria acquired these characteristicsarrow_forward
- One of the simplest definitions of a life-form is anything with the capacity to reproduce and regulate itself. Before life began, the complex organic, or hydrocarbon-bearing, molecules that makeup RNA and DNA, the building blocks of life, must have formed. No one knows exactly how life is formed from these molecules, but many ideas have been put forward. As you enter this area, go toward the large video screen on the right and explore the “Life at the hydrothermal Vents” label deck. Some scientists theorize that life begins at deep-sea vents. Find three lines of evidence to support this claim.arrow_forwardThe endosymbiotic theory argues that prokaryotes become some of the organelles of early eukaryotic cells. All of the following support this hypothesis Except: A. The mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and are nearly idential to some free-living prokaryotes b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are nearly idential to some free-living prokaryotes. c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA d. The vacuoles can come and go across the plasma membranearrow_forward1) Name and give a brief account of the theory that explains the evolution of Eukaryotic cells from Prokaryotic cells. 2) Explain the reactions that occur to form polysaccharides, using starch as an example. 3) What do enzymes do? What are their main structural features? Give an example of a biological enzyme. 4) Describe the structure of fats and lipids. Why are some solid at room temperature whereas others, particularly from plants, are liquid? Briefly describe the structure of an animal cell. What are the main differences between animal and plant cells? Briefly outline the steps involved in the synthesis of ATP in eukaryotic cellsarrow_forward
- 1) The Miller-Urey experiment in 1953 proved that Group of answer choices multicellular organisms can evolve from unicellular ones living cells could arise from non-living substances organic molecules important to living things could form from a "hot soup" of simple substances conditions on early Earth were not as inhospitable as biologists of the time generally believed a source of energy was not required in order for life to develop on Earth B) Which of the following statements about protists is false? Group of answer choices Some protists are mixotrophic Certain protists share a common ancestor with land plants Some protists are photosynthetic prokaryotes which are similar to the ancestral chloroplast Protists are a polyphyletic group of organisms that often bear little resemblance to each other Although most protists are unicellular, some protists are multicellular as wellarrow_forwardHere is the question: What was the likely source of the raw material incorporated into the first life forms? I believe it is carbon, but I don't know why it is carbon. What I mean is, why is carbon considered the thing that makes something alive? Why are eukaryotes and prokaryotes simply considered alive just because they have carbon. Would that mean that carbon is alive because carbon has carbon? I would appreciate an anwser because I'm really trying to understand everything I run across. I love educating myself and I'm on a quest for knowledge. Thanks guys!arrow_forwardA. Classify the organisms (A-D) based on their oxygen requirements. Name one location where you are most likely to encounter these organisms (1 location/organism).B. Organism C could not grow in the presence of oxygen. Explain the molecular reason behind this observation (What affect did oxygen have on C that caused it not grow)? C. Your friend repeats the above experiment in Question1 and observes growth of all 4 organisms on both plates. Provide an explanation for her results. (You may assume that your results are correct, since you have repeated the experiment several times and gotten the same results).arrow_forward
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Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License