Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 9TYK
An Eastern European immigrant carrying the allele for Tay-Sachs disease settled in a small village on the St. Lawrence River. Many generations later, the frequency of the allele in that village is statistically higher than it is in the immigrant’s homeland. The high frequency of the allele in the village probably provides an example of:
a. natural selection.
b. the concept of relative fitness.
c. the Hardy–Weinberg genetic equilibrium.
d.
e. the founder effect.
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Which of the following statements describes an example of genetic drift?a. Allele g for fat production increases in a small population because birds with more bodyfat have higher survivorship in a harsh winter.b. Random mutation increases the frequency of allele A in one population but not inanother.c. Allele R reaches a frequency of 1.0 because individuals with genotype rr are sterile.d. Allele m is lost when a virus kills all but a few individuals and just by chance, none ofthe survivors possess allele m.
You are examining population genetics of aquatic iguanas that live on the Galapagos islands. When you go to visit, you notice that the iguanas can easily swim to close neighboring islands but would have swim very long distances to reach further islands. Which of the following statements is a likely conclusion from your research?
a.
Populations are less similar the closer the islands are to each other.
b.
The further the islands likely have the greatest genetic diversity.
c.
Larger islands always have the lowest heterozygosity.
d.
Smaller populations on very small islands exhibit greater population differentiation.
The relative fitnesses of A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2 are 0.5,0.8 and 1 respectively. What is the expected result of natural selection in this selection?
a.) A1 will increase and A2 will decrease.
b.) A2 will increase and A1 will decrease.
c. Both alleles will decrease in frequency
d.) A stable equilibrium will be achieved in which both alleles are maintained
e.) An unstable equilibrium will exist and the outcome depends on the allele frequencies.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 21.1 - If a population of skunks includes some...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 21.1 - What factors contribute to phenotypic variation in...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 21.2 - Why is the Hardy-Weinberg principle considered a...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 21.3 - Which agents of microevolution tend to increase...Ch. 21.3 - Which mode of natural selection increases the...Ch. 21.3 - In what way is sexual selection like directional...Ch. 21.4 - How does the diploid condition protect harmful...
Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 21.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 21.5 - How can a biologist test whether a trait is...Ch. 21.5 - Why are most organisms adapted to the environments...Ch. 21 - The reason spontaneous mutations do not have an...Ch. 21 - The phenomenon in which chance events cause...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 21 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 21 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 21 - Which of the following represents an example of...Ch. 21 - A population of mice is at HardyWeinberg...Ch. 21 - If the genotype frequencies in a population are...Ch. 21 - An Eastern European immigrant carrying the allele...Ch. 21 - If a storm kills many small sparrows in a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 21 - Discuss Concepts Many human diseases are caused by...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 21 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Captive breeding...Ch. 21 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 21 - Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that...Ch. 21 - Peter and Rosemary Grant of Princeton University...
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- A population of gophers is very isolated, so no individuals can move in/out of the population. It is very small, so random events affect allele frequencies and many traits are under strong selection. Males are chosen randomly. Which statement is correct? A. Allele frequencies in 10 generations will be different than they are today. B. Individual gophers are evolving traits they need to survive C.Genetic drift is not acting on the gophers D. The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibriumarrow_forwardConsider the trait in Figure 22.5a. Which statement about this trait is correct? Please choose the best option. a) In humans, the trait cannot be explained by the theory of evolution by natural selection. b. In humans, the trait improves the biological fitness of individuals. c. In humans, the trait is similar to a functional version of the trait in closely related species. d. Humans lack vestigial traitsarrow_forwardHow does the founder effect show that Africa is where our species originated? (Hint: Think about genetic diversity.) A. Today, people living in Africa have more genetic diversity than all other people in all other areas of the world. B. Today, people living in Africa have less genetic diversity than all other people in all other areas of the world. C. Today, people living in Africa have the same genetic diversity as all other people in all other areas of the world. D. Today, people living in North America have more genetic diversity than all other people in all other areas of the world.arrow_forward
- 1) What does the term Natural Selection mean? Select one: a.The number and relative frequency of alleles present in a particular population. b.The process through which individuals with certain traits tend to produce more surviving offspring that individuals without those traits. c. Any change in the hereditary material of an organism.arrow_forwardA. Genetic drift refers to a. change in the way the body functions as a result of stressors. b. changes in the DNA sequence, particularly in sex cells. c. random changes or accidents that reduce genetic variation in a population. B. All human cultures a. can be correlated with "races" in the past. b. are unchanging and eternal. c. can be ranked as "primitive" or "advanced". d. are integrated and complex. d. exchange of genes when outsiders migrate into an area.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the MOST important characteristic of a trait for it to undergo descent with modification? A. It must be heritable. B. It must exhibit variation. C. It must exhibit phenotypic plasticity. D. Variation in the trait must be accompanied by variation in fitness.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is FALSE? Select one: a. Genetic drift is more likely to occur in a small population. b. Random mating occurs when individuals pair by chance. c. The dominant allele is always the most common allele in the gene pool. d. Evolution can be detected by noting a deviation from a Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium of allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population.arrow_forwardWhich aspect(s) of natural selection is(are) illustrated by the figure below? Check ALL answers that apply. A. Variation among individuals must be genetically transmissible to the next generation. B. Variation must exist in a population. C. Variation among individuals leads to differences in lifetime reproductive success. D. More individuals are produced each generation than the environment can support, resulting in competition for survival.arrow_forwardPopulation genetics is the study of: a. how selective forces change the allele frequencies in a population over time b. the genetic basis of population-wide traits c. whether traits have a genetic basis d. the degree of inbreeding in a populationarrow_forward
- With regard to genetic drift, are the following statements true or false? If a statement is false, explain why. A. Over the long run, genetic drift leads to allele fixation or loss. B. When a new mutation occurs within a population, genetic drift is more likely to cause the loss of the new allele rather than the fixation of the new allele. C. Genetic drift promotes genetic diversity in large populations. D. Genetic drift is more significant in small populations.arrow_forwardYou are examining the gene in your snail population that confers resistance to a parasite. There are multiple alleles at this locus. Identify the characteristics that would result in the greatest increase in allele frequency (not necessarily the greatest allele frequency) in one single generation of the resistant allele. Answer Resistant allele acts… Initial resistant allele frequency… Selection strength is… a. dominantly high weak b. recessively low strong c. dominantly low strong d. recessively high weak a. Answer a. b. Answer b. c. Answer c. d. Answer d.arrow_forwardWhen a population is in mutational equilibrium, which of the following is true?a. The number of forward mutations is greater than the number of reverse mutations.b. No forward or reverse mutations occur.c. The number of forward mutations is equal to the number of reverse mutations.d. The population is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.arrow_forward
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