General Physics, 2nd Edition
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780471522782
Author: Morton M. Sternheim
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 18, Problem 13E
To determine
The radius of unmyelinated axon.
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What is the magnitude of the electric field across an axon membrane 1.2×10−8 m thick if the resting potential is -70 mV ?
Assume an axon has the same characteristics as the class example
except the radius of the axon is 0.005 mm and the membrane
thickness is 20.0 nm. The percentage fractional change in the
concentration of Na+ ions in the axon during one action potential is
%? Record the answer to the nearest one
thousandth.
a) What was the smallest voltage required to produce a contraction (the threshold voltage)? What proportion of the fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this small response?
b) What was the smallest voltage required to produce the maximum (largest) contraction? What proportion of the fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this maximal response?
Chapter 18 Solutions
General Physics, 2nd Edition
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1RQCh. 18 - Prob. 2RQCh. 18 - Prob. 3RQCh. 18 - Prob. 4RQCh. 18 - Prob. 5RQCh. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQCh. 18 - Prob. 8RQCh. 18 - Prob. 9RQCh. 18 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1ECh. 18 - Prob. 2ECh. 18 - Prob. 3ECh. 18 - Prob. 4ECh. 18 - Prob. 5ECh. 18 - Prob. 6ECh. 18 - Prob. 7ECh. 18 - Prob. 8ECh. 18 - Prob. 9ECh. 18 - Prob. 10ECh. 18 - Prob. 11ECh. 18 - Prob. 12ECh. 18 - Prob. 13ECh. 18 - Prob. 14ECh. 18 - Prob. 15ECh. 18 - Prob. 16ECh. 18 - Prob. 17ECh. 18 - Prob. 18ECh. 18 - Prob. 20ECh. 18 - Prob. 21ECh. 18 - Prob. 24ECh. 18 - Prob. 25ECh. 18 - Prob. 26E
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- What is the magnitude of the electric field in unite of N/C across an axon membrane (1.00x10^0)x10-8 m thick if the resting potential is -(7.400x10^1) mV?arrow_forwardThe velocity of spike propagation is proportional to the following combination of factors: 1 a C, V R„R, m Where a is the radius of the axon, Rm and R; are specific resistances of the membrane and the internal buffer, respectively. If we double the radius and simultaneously increase the concentration of salt inside the axon twice (i.e. R; decreases two times), by how many fold will the velocity change?arrow_forwardAssume the axon had a diameter of 30 um and was 5 cm long. The capacitance of this axon would bearrow_forward
- a) How does voltage change over distance from the stimulator on the artificial axon? AND why does this occur? (Think: where is the current going?) b) How and why are neurons affected by the addition of myelin (think membrane resistance, capacitance, and the length constant)?arrow_forwardFind the radius of the unmyelinated axon (m) with space parameter A = 14 mm, (Resistance of a unit area of the membrane, Rm =0.2 Q.m², Resistivity of axoplasm, p, =2 Q.m). A. 0.00392 B. 0.01568 C. None D. 0.02352 E. 0.00784arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = K² A/d and Q radius r = 1.6 × 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.9. = Positive charge layer Negative charge layer + External fluid Axon wall membrane No Axon radius = r + Internal fluid + How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? Na+ ions d + (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 × 10-² V.) -2 9.03E-10 C How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 × 10-² V? 5.639E9 K+ ions = 50.0 m/s X 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall CAV to investigate the…arrow_forward
- (III) During an action potential, Na* ions move into the cell at a rate of about 3 × 10-7 mol/m² - s. How much power must be produced by the "active Na* pumping" system to produce this flow against a +30-mV potential difference? Assume that the axon is 10 cm long and 20 µm in diameter.arrow_forwardIn a typical mammalian cell, the net transport by the sodiumpotassium exchange pump that maintains the 70 mV membrane potential is 500 singly charged ions per second. How much work does the pump do each second?arrow_forwardNerve cells in your body can be electrically stimulated; a large enough change in a membrane potential triggers a nerve impulse. Certain plants work the same way. A touch to mimosa pudica, the “sensitive plant,” causes the leaflets to fold inward and droop. We can trigger this response electrically as well. In one experiment, investigators placed electrodes on the thick tissue at the base of a leaf. The electrodes were 3.5 mm apart. When the electrodes were connected to a 47 μF capacitor charged to 1.5 V, this stimulated a response from the plant.a. Eventually, all the charge on the capacitor was transferred to the plant. How much charge was transferred?b. What was the approximate electric field between the electrodes?arrow_forward
- Find the radius of the unmyelinated axon (m) with space parameter A = 11 mm, (Resistance of a unit area of the membrane, R =0.2 Q.m?, Resistivity of axoplasm, p. =2 0.m). A. 0.00968 B. 0.00242 C. 0.00484 D. None E. 0.01452arrow_forwardIf the distance between the two sides of the phospholipid bilayer were to increase by 4-fold, what would happen to the capacitance of the membrane? Increase 4-fold Increase 8-fold It would be 1/4 It would be 1/8arrow_forwardCalculate the axoplasm resistance for a neuron of length 0.06 m and a radius of 5 um. The axoplasm resistivity is 2.0 Ohm.m. Give your answer in MOhmsarrow_forward
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