Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Chapter 15, Problem 5AC
A preview question for Chapter 16: A species is all the populations of organisms that potentially interbreed with one another but that are reproductively isolated from (cannot interbreed with) other populations. Using the five conditions of the
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Question 20
How do new species arise, according to the theory of natural selection?
when an old species goes extinct, a new species arises to take its place
) individuals in a population pass on new traits they have acquired during their lifetimes
(3) two new species spontaneously branch off from ancestor populations from time to time
if a population is reproductively isolated in a sufficiently different ecosystem for an extended period of time, it will develop adaptations that will eventually render it incapable of interbreeding with its host population
Try to outline a scenario explaining the evolution of the three species shown in panel g. Use migration, mutation, genetic drift, selection, reproductive isolation, gene flow, extinction, and many generations in your scenario. Based on your scenario, what are the components that are necessary in a population in order for it to split or diverge into two new daughter species from a single ancestor (the parent species)?
Hello, I need help answering number 5 questions using the phylogeny below pls & thank you!
5.a) In the 1990s, when only mitochondrial DNA sequencing was available, geneticists claimed that there was no hybridization between humans (Homo sapiens) and Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis). Does the phylogeny shown above support the claim humans did not hybridize with Neanderthals in the past? How can you tell?
b) Once nuclear DNA sequencing became fast and able to handle sequencing ancient DNA, living humans were found to have some Neanderthal genes. Is this finding clear evidence that some early modern humans did indeed hybridize with Neanderthals? Why?
c) Did female H. sapiens hybridize with Neanderthal males to produce fertile offspring that then back-crossed with modern humans? What does the graph say about this?
d) Did male H. sapiens hybridize with Neanderthal females that then back-crossed with modern humans? What does the graph say about this?
Picture reference:…
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 15 - The ________ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 15 - 2. Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 15 - An organism's ________ refers to the specific...Ch. 15 - 4. A random form of evolution is called _________....Ch. 15 - Competition is most intense between members of...Ch. 15 - 6. The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 15 - 1. What is a gene pool? How would you determine...Ch. 15 - 2. Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 15 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 15 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...
Ch. 15 - 5. People like to say that “you can’t prove a...Ch. 15 - 6. Describe the three ways in which natural...Ch. 15 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...Ch. 15 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 15 - Malaria is rare in North America. In populations...Ch. 15 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4ACCh. 15 - A preview question for Chapter 16: A species is...
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- Question:- Why might some scientists use the morphological species concept or the ecological species concept instead of the biological species concept to define some species? Provide some examples in your reasoning.arrow_forwardGUIDE QUESTIONS1. Which species on the chart (A, B, C, D, E, F) is the common ancestor? Justify your answer. 2. Did the round nose of Species E and Species F come from the common ancestor?3. Is the round nose of Species E and Species F a homologous structure?4. Did the square nose of Species D and Species G come from the commonancestor?5. Is the square nose of Species D and Species G a homologous structure?6. Are the cat ears of Species D and Species F homologous structures?7. Are the smiles of Species E and Species G homologous structures?arrow_forwardQuestion:- Of the three examples in which humans have influenced the evolutions of urban populations of animals (i.e. house finch, white footed mouse, and mosquitoes), which do you think is most likely to result in speciation and why?arrow_forward
- 11:59 PM Sun Sep 5 O 20% I + : Overarching Questions: All four pieces of evidence have been gathered on the following page to answer the questions below. 12. Using geographical and phylogenetic data, compare the proximity (distance) of populations on the phylogenetic tree to the population locations on the map. Provide evidence to show that the phylogenetic relatedness is directly correlated to geographical locations on a map. 13. The DNA Data from one gene (Evidence #3) shows that there are prides that share similar DNA sequences. Are the prides that have similar DNA sequences also close together genetically? Use your map and the DNA sequences to 14. The microsatellite data (Data Set 2) uses multiple genes to create the microsatellite photos. In Data Set 3, we are zooming in on only one gene. Do the prides with similar microsatellite data also have similar DNA sequences? YES or NO а. Give evidence from at least 2 prides to support your answer above 15. Phylogenetic Trees are a visual…arrow_forwardQuestion: What is the difference between morphological and biological species concepts?arrow_forwardLet's Evaluate Fill in the blanks with the words below. Speciation Environment Genetic Drift Gene Flow Mutation Species Mate Two populations are said to be isolated if there is no longer any (1)_ between them. Over generations, the members of isolated populations may become more and more different. Isolated populations may become genetically different as those that are better adapted to the new (2)_ survive and reproduce. Random processes such as mutations and (3)_ can also affect evolution. When members of two isolated populations can no longer successfully (4). the populations are said to be reproductively isolated. Reproductive isolation is the final step prior to (5)_ which is the evolution of a new (6).arrow_forward
- Can you answer all the parts to this diagram Species 1 and 2 are sister species from which you’ve cloned related genes. On the gene tree on the top of the next page, use labels to answer the following questions: (a) Label the node that represents a gene duplication with “D,” (b) Label the nodes that represent speciation events with “S,” (c) Pick a pair of genes that are paralogs and label them both “P.” (d) Pick a pair of genes that are orthologs and label them both “O.”arrow_forwardWhich statement is true, based on the phylogenetic tree shown here? Question 12 options: The monkey is equally related to the rat and to the rabbit. Seals and bats are more closely related than rabbits and monkeys The monkey is more distantly related to the bat than to the seal. The rabbit is equally related to the monkey and to the rat. The seal has no common ancestors with the rabbit.arrow_forwardArt Connections Directions: With the knowledge you gained about the mechanism of evolution, answer the following questions using illustrations/drawing. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Give an example of natural selection that happens in your locality. 2. Where do you think genetic drift will likely happen more quickly on an island or the mainland? 3. How do pollinators contribute to the gene flow?arrow_forward
- Question 5 What is the point of telling the story of how the Great Auk went extinct? Although Darwin did not think extinction occurred, the Great Auk story shows that species actually can go extinct. O Although Darwin thought extinction is caused by great catastrophes unlike anything humans have ever experienced, the Auk story shows that humans (not great catastrophes) can cause extinction. O Although Darwin thought extinction is a very slow, natural process, the inevitable side-effect of speciation, the Great Auk story shows that extinction can also occur quickly, the result of human actions. In a way, humans act as a "catastrophe."arrow_forwardWhat role does geographic isolation play in the formation of a new species? Group of answer choices A.If two populations become isolated geographically, then the two populations cannot interbreed with one another. There will be gene flow between the two. This will allow the two isolated populations to evolve independently leading to new species. B. If two populations become isolated geographically, then the two populations can interbreed with one another. There will be no gene flow between the two. This will allow the two isolated populations to evolve independently leading to new species. C. None of the answers are correct D. If two populations become isolated geographically, then the two populations cannot interbreed with one another. There will be no gene flow between the two. This will allow the two isolated populations to evolve independently leading to new species.arrow_forwardNeed help what is the difference between a gene tree and a species tree? Explain in your own words how it is possible for gorillas and humans to share a genetic trait (such as a retroviral insertion) that chimpanzees do not share, if chimpanzees and humans are really each other's closest relatives. Given the lack of agreement between gene trees and species trees, how is it possible to reconstruct the true species tree?arrow_forward
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