Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 2AC
Malaria is rare in North America. In populations of African Americans, what would you predict is happening to the frequency of the hemoglobin allele that leads to sickling in red blood cells? How would you go about determining whether your prediction is true?
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What would happen to the frequency of heterozygous carriers of sickle-cell anemia (with AS genotype) if mosquitoes were completely wiped out in a large region?
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 15 - The ________ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 15 - 2. Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 15 - An organism's ________ refers to the specific...Ch. 15 - 4. A random form of evolution is called _________....Ch. 15 - Competition is most intense between members of...Ch. 15 - 6. The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 15 - 1. What is a gene pool? How would you determine...Ch. 15 - 2. Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 15 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 15 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...
Ch. 15 - 5. People like to say that “you can’t prove a...Ch. 15 - 6. Describe the three ways in which natural...Ch. 15 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...Ch. 15 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 15 - Malaria is rare in North America. In populations...Ch. 15 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4ACCh. 15 - A preview question for Chapter 16: A species is...
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- The allele for sickle anemia is found at higher frequencies in central Africa than in other parts of the world. What are the advantage and disadvantages?arrow_forwardIf, within specific regional populations over two thousand years ago, sickle-cell anemia killed those individuals born with it before they could reproduce to pass it on to offspring, how did it persist in these populations? Group of answer choices A-Because of late-onset of the disease. B-Because it is cause by a virus and it spreads faster than people died. C-Because of the basic principles of mendelian inheritance that result in some heterozygote "carrier" combinations. D-Because malaria made it possible to survive sickle cell anemia since the parasite would carry oxygen on the blood cells with the mutated hemoglobin. E-It does not persist. Natural selection removes the allele because people die from both malaria and sickle-cell anemia.arrow_forwardIn recent years, the country of Zambia in Africa has had increasing cases of malaria. If 9% of the population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be more resistant to malaria because they are heterozygous (Ss) for the sickle-cell gene, under the Hardy-Weinberg assumption?arrow_forward
- Do you think the allele for sickle cell anemia would be common in regions where malaria did not exist? Explain why or why not.arrow_forwardThe prevalence (frequency) of sickle-cell disease in Canada is quite low, affecting 1/3800 individuals. However, in some African populations 1/25 individuals are affected by sickle-cell disease. The difference in frequency of this allele within the differing populations has to do with the adaptation pressures that exist in the different environments. Individuals with the heterozygous genotype have a survival advantage in environments where the disease malaria is prevalent as the presence of this mutant allele leads to resistance to malaria. Therefore, the sickle-cell disease tends to be more frequent in environments where the malaria parasite is most common. Question: Explain why the sickle-cell disease remains frequent in some populations while it exists in very low frequency in other populations.arrow_forwardMalaria is a leading cause of human illness and mortality worldwide, with 200 million people infected and 600,000 deaths each year. In the 1960s, the incidence of malaria was reduced owing to the use of insecticides that killed mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles, which transmit the disease from person to person. But today, mosquitoes are becoming resistant to insecticides--causing a resurgence in malaria. In this exercise, you will investigate whether alleles encoding resistance to insecticides have been transferred between closely related species of Anopheles. To find out whether transfers have occurred, you will analyze DNA results from two species of mosquitoes that transmit malaria (Anopheles gambiae and A. coluzzii) and from A. gambiae × A. coluzzii hybrids. Resistance to DDT and other insecticides in Anopheles is affected by a sodium channel gene, kdr. The allele r of this gene confers resistance, while the wild type (+/+) genotype is not resistant. Researchers sequenced the kdr…arrow_forward
- Familial Mediterranean fever is an inheritable disorder that causes inflammation in the abdomen, chest, or joints. Let F be the dominant allele and let f be the recessive allele. The genotypes of individuals II-4, III-2, and IV-3, respectively, are Select one: a. F_, F_, and F_ b. F_, FF, and Ff c. Ff, F_, and Ff d. F_, Ff, and F_arrow_forwardA mutation in an of the recessive hemoglobin gene on chromosome 11 causes sickle-cell disease, but also confers malaria resistance. The allele frequency in African Americans is 14%. 1. What percent of the population have two copies of the gene and are therefore immune to malaria? 2. What percent of the population are less susceptible to malaria but do not have sickle-cell anemia since they are heterozygous?arrow_forward8% of XY individuals are color blind in a population. Assume Hardy-Weinberg conditions. Submit your answer as it is. a) What is the percentage of color-blind XX individuals? b) What is the percentage of XX individuals who are carriers? c) If this population has 1000 individuals with 50% of male and 50% of female, how many carriers are present in this population? Submit your answer as it is. Do not round up.arrow_forward
- Describe how an individual’s genotype influences their chance of contracting malaria: which individual is more likely to get malaria- an individual with two HbA alleles or an individual with one HbA allele and one HbS allele? Why? Why do people with one HbS allele tend not to get malaria?arrow_forwardHumans who are born homozygous for the recessive sickle cell allele die of sickle cell anemia, while those who are heterozygous are resistant to malaria. 5% of the population of the Congo are homozygous recessive for the sickle cell allele. What percentage of the population is resistant to malaria?arrow_forwardSickle-cell anemia is an interesting genetic disease. Normal homozygous individials (SS) have normal blood cells that are easily infected with the malarial parasite. Thus, many of these individuals become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) have red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of this genetic defect causes deformation of red blood cells. However, individuals with the heterozygous condition (Ss) have some sickling of red blood cells, but generally not enough to cause mortality. In addition, malaria cannot survive well within these "partially defective" red blood cells. Thus, heterozygotes tend to survive better than either of the homozygous conditions. Assuming HWE, if 9% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be more resistant to malaria…arrow_forward
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