Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 23E
Refer to Example 13.1. How would the calculation change if a typical comet in the Oort cloud is larger-say, 50 km in diameter?
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It is believed that there are a 1.2 × 1012 comets in the Oort Cloud, which has a radius of 74000.0 AU. What is the total volume of the Oort Cloud in cubic AU?
It is believed there are 2.7 x 1012 comets in the Oort Cloud, which has a radius of 71000.0 AU. Calculate the average volume that each comet has to itself. Then take the cube root of the average volume per comet to find their typical spacing in AU.
It is believed that there are 1.6*10^12 comets in the spherical Oort Cloud,which has radius of 46000 AU.Calculate the average volume that each comet has to itself.Then take cube root of average volume per comet to find their typical spacing in AU.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 13 - Why are asteroids and comets important to our...Ch. 13 - Give a brief description of the asteroid belt.Ch. 13 - Describe the main differences between C-type and...Ch. 13 - In addition to the ones mentioned in Exercise...Ch. 13 - Vesta is unusual as it contains what mineral on...Ch. 13 - Compare asteroids of the asteroid belt with...Ch. 13 - Briefly describe NASA’s Spaceguard Survey. How...Ch. 13 - Who first calculated the orbits of comets based on...Ch. 13 - Describe the nucleus of a typical comet and...Ch. 13 - Describe the two types of comet tails and how each...
Ch. 13 - What classification is given to objects such as...Ch. 13 - Describe the origin and eventual fate of the...Ch. 13 - What evidence do we have for the existence of the...Ch. 13 - Give brief descriptions of both the Kuiper belt...Ch. 13 - Give at least two reasons today’s astronomers are...Ch. 13 - Suppose you were designing a spacecraft that would...Ch. 13 - Suppose you were designing a spacecraft that would...Ch. 13 - Suppose a comet were discovered approaching the...Ch. 13 - We believe that chains of comet fragments like...Ch. 13 - Why have we found so many objects in the Kuiper...Ch. 13 - Why is it hard to give exact diameters for even...Ch. 13 - Refer to Example 13.1. How would the calculation...Ch. 13 - Refer to Example 13.1. How would the calculation...Ch. 13 - The calculation in Example 13.1 refers to the...Ch. 13 - If the Oort cloud contains 1012 comets, and ten...Ch. 13 - The mass of the asteroids is found mostly in the...Ch. 13 - Make a similar estimate for the mass of the Kuiper...Ch. 13 - What is the period of revolution about the Sun for...Ch. 13 - What is the period of revolution for a comet with...
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- Refer to Example 13.1. How would the calculation change if a typical comet in the Oort cloud is only 1 km in diameter?arrow_forwardIf the velocity of the solar wind is about 4.0 ✕ 102 km/s and the visible tail of a comet is 5.0 ✕ 108 km long, how many days does an atom in the solar wind take to travel from the nucleus to the end of the visible tail? (Note:1 day = 86,400 seconds.)arrow_forwardGive brief descriptions of both the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud.arrow_forward
- Why do astronomers refer to carbonaceous chondrites as unmodified or primitive material?arrow_forwardExplain the role of impacts in planetary evolution, including both giant impacts and more modest ones.arrow_forwardThe mass of an average comet's nucleus is about 1.0 x 1014 kg. If the Oort cloud contains 2.0 x 101 comet nuclei, what is the mass of the cloud in units of Earth masses? (Note: Earth's mass is 5.97 x 1024 kg.) M. Compare that with Saturn's mass. (Note: Saturn's mass in units of Earth's mass is 95.2 M.) mass of the Oort cloud mass of Saturnarrow_forward
- The mass of an average comet's nucleus is about 1.0 ✕ 1014 kg. If the Oort cloud contains 2.0 ✕ 1011 comet nuclei, what is the mass of the cloud in units of Earth masses? (Note: Earth's mass is 5.97 ✕ 1024 kg.)________ marrow_forwardOriginally thought to be the realm of comets, over the past two decades we discovered that the Kuiper Belt region hosts also many other objects similar in size to Pluto (Figure 22). This seems to imply that there are two completely different types of objects in the region. Do you think that both types of objects formed in this region, or some of these may have migrated to this region at a later time? Briefly explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardThe mass of an average comet's nucleus is about 1.0 x 1014 kg. If the Oort cloud contains 2.0 x 1011 comet nuclei, what is the mass of the cloud in units of Earth masses? (Note: Earth's mass is 5.97 x 1024 kg.) M. Compare that with Saturn's mass. (Note: Saturn's mass in units of Earth's mass is 95.2 Ma) mass of the Oort cloud mass of Saturn Need Help? Read Itarrow_forward
- If the velocity of the Solar Wind about 4.0 x 10^2 km/s and the visible tail of a comet of 9.0 x 10^8 km long, how many days does an atom in the solar wind take to travel from the nucleus to the end of the visible tail? (note: 1 day= 86,400 sec) _______ daysarrow_forwardRe-order the numbers so the events occur in the correct order, with the oldest event as number 2, and the youngest event as number 13. 2. Now at roughly 100% of present-day mass and the asteroid bombardment over, Earth begins cooling and differentiating. As the outer layer of the Earth cools and solidifies, lighter elements and compounds rise to the surface while the denser ones sink to the core 3. The now differentiated ice, gas, and dust of the solar accretion disc conglomerates together into asteroids from gravity 4. "The Big Whack" A Mars-sized protoplanet we call Theia collides with primitive Earth, adding even more energy and mass 5. The Big Bang 6. As the early atmosphere cools, water vapor is eventually cool enough to condense into liquid water, eventually covering the planet in an ocean 7. The debris from the collision of Earth and Theia produce a ring in orbit. This ring eventually coalesces into the Moon, just as Earth coalesced from the solar accretion disc 8. A nebula…arrow_forwardTutorial You observe a comet 0.32 AU from Earth with a tail that is 1.7 degrees long. How long is the tail in AU? How long is the tail in kilometers? How many times could the U.S. fit along the length of the tail? (The width of the U.S. is 4,313 km.) Part 1 of 3 You observe a comet 0.32 AU from Earth with a tail that is 1.7 degrees long. How long is the tail in AU? We use the small angle formula to calculate the length of the tail in AU. arc seconds d Ꮎ 2.06 x 105 D Solving for the linear distance gives: dAU = DAU dAU = = AU arc seconds 2.06 x 105arrow_forward
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