Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 6TYK
Which of the following is incorrect about pathways activated by G-protein–coupled receptors?
a. The extracellular signaling molecule is the first messenger.
b. When activated, plasma membrane-bound G protein canswitch on an effector.
c. Second messengers enter the nucleus.
d. ATP converts to cAMP to activate protein kinases.
e. Protein kinases phosphorylate molecules to change cellularactivity.
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Identify which of the following statements is a lie?
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a. The docking of ligands to the receptor causes receptor-associated proteins to activate another protein to continue the signaling cascade and one example of this event is the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the EGF receptor .
b. Ligands are important to initiate signal Transduction pathway.
c. Ligands detach from the cell surface receptor in order to change the conformation of the receptor and initiate the signaling pathway.
A biochemist is designing a new drug that will mimic the shape and function of a particular intercellular signaling molecule. Therefore she must produce a molecule that will bind to the receptor protein and...
A. produce a cellular response by altering the Na+/K+ pump located near the receptor site.
B. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately prevent a cellular response.
C. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately produce a cellular response.
D. induce a change in the phospholipid bilayer that causes a polar reversal allowing the molecules to be endocytose (engulfed).
Consider this pathway: epinephrine --> receptor -->G-protein---> Adenyl Cyclase---> cAMP --> protein kinase --> transcription factors. Identify the effector.
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cAMP
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Which statement is not true about G proteins?
A.
They are integral membrane proteins.
B.
They are slowly inactivated by their own GTPase activity.
C.
They are multisubunit proteins consisting of α, β and γ subunits.
D.
They act as transducers for hormones
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.1 - What accounts for the specificity of a cellular...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 4SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 5SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 6SBCh. 9.4 - What distinguishes a steroid receptor from a...
Ch. 9.4 - By what means does a specific steroid hormone...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 9 - In signal transduction, which of the following is...Ch. 9 - Which of the following could not elicit a signal...Ch. 9 - A cell that responds to a signaling molecule is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 9 - Which of the following is incorrect about pathways...Ch. 9 - Which of the following would not inhibit signal...Ch. 9 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 9 - Discuss Concepts Describe the possible ways in...Ch. 9 - Discuss Concepts Is providing extra insulin an...Ch. 9 - Discuss Concepts There are molecules called GTP...Ch. 9 - Discuss Concepts Why do you suppose cells evolved...Ch. 9 - How would you set up an experiment to determine...Ch. 9 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 9 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 9 - Prob. 3ITD
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- Which of the following is incorrect about the G protein signaling pathways? a. The binding of the ligand to the receptor activates the G protein b. The G protein-coupled receptors are known as 7TM receptors Oc. They involve the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) Od. The G protein activates a kinase that catalyzes the formation of ATParrow_forwardParacrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are a. produced by the cell itself. b. secreted by neighboring cells. c. present on the plasma membrane of neighboring cells. d. secreted by distant cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not correct about a second messenger system? A. The activating hormone interacts with a receptor site on the plasma membrane. B. The activating hormone activates an enzyme, most often adenylate cyclase C. Activated adenylate cyclase catalyzes the transformation of AMP to cyclic AMP D. Cyclic AMP causes the activation of protein kinase E. None of these are correct.arrow_forward
- xytocin stimulates contraction of smooth muscles in the breast and uterine wall. The key step in muscle contraction is release of calcium from internal cell stores. With which type of receptor does oxytocin interact to cause muscle contraction? A. Gαi-coupled receptor B. Tyrosine kinase coupled receptor C. Cytokine type 1 receptor D. Ser/Thr kinase receptor E. Gαq-coupled receptorarrow_forwardIntracellular receptors bind to signaling molecules that are A. anionic. B. cationic. C. nonpolar. D. polypeptides.arrow_forwardWhich of the following would inhibit the activity of TGF-Beta receptor? multiple answers A. Deletion of Extracellular domain B. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor C. Mutation that prevents homodimerization of Type II Receptor D. Mutation of phosphorylation site on Type I receptor E. Inhibition Type II receptor binding to Type I receptorarrow_forward
- Define the following terms: a. G protein-coupled receptor kinase b. β-arrestin c. enzyme-linked receptor d. guanylin e. RTKarrow_forwardWhich of the following are methods of cellular signaling? Select one: a. All the answers are correct. b. Connections through fibers of the ECM from one cell to another c. Ligand binding to a receptor in the cell membrane d. Desmosomes ‘pulling’ one cell to another e. Lipid or gas ligand binding to an intracellular receptorarrow_forwardRelease of glucose into the bloodstream from cells in the liver can be initiated by epinephrine binding to the epinephrine receptor on the plasma membrane of liver cells. This cascade requires cAMP signaling which BOTH activates protein kinase A and deactivates glycogen synthase. The dual effect of cAMP on protein kinase A and glycogen synthase is an example of what? a. ligand/ receptor signal specificity b. communication of surface signals to the nucleus c. amplification of second messenger signaling d. second messenger signaling pathway crosstalkarrow_forward
- Which of the following enzymes does NOT catalyzes the formation a second messenger? A. PI3K B. Protein kinase C C. Phospholipase C D. Guanylyl cyclase Which of the following statements is correct? A. Lipolysis is inhibited by epinephrine and glucagon B. Phosphorylation of triacylglycerol lipase inhibits its activity C. Activation of protein kinase A inhibits lipolysis D. Fatty acids are activated in mitochondria before undergoing b-oxidation E. Lipolysis is stimulated by cAMP F. None of the abovearrow_forwardwhat characteristic is not one attributed to a second messenger? a. Intracellular signaling molecule b. molecules that can easily pass across membrane bilayers. c. molecules that can act as allosteric effectors for signaling proteins. d. molecules that can be rapidly converted between active and inactive forms. e. molecules that are synthesized in response to receptor/signal interaction.arrow_forwardWhich of the following intracellular or plasma membrane proteins requiresCa21 for full activity?a. calmodulinb. janus kinase (JAK)c. cAMP-dependent protein kinased. guanylyl cyclasearrow_forward
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