Economics (Irwin Economics)
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259723223
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 31, Problem 7RQ
To determine
Government Expenditure, Taxes and changes in equilibrium GDP .
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Create three diagrams for the aggregate expenditures (AE) model for a public closed economy by adding different taxes. For the Diagram #1 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $6000; MPC: 0.75 Taxes: $1500;Potential Output: $16500For the Diagram #2 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $ 6000; MPC: 0.75;Taxes: $3000;Potential Output: $16500For the Diagram #3 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $6000; MPC: 0.75; Taxes: $2500Potential Output: $16500Explain each diagram by determining economic gaps and/or equilibriums. How does an increase in taxes affect GDP? How does a decrease in taxes affect GDP?
GDP
$0
1
2
Consumption
$0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
D
8
4.5
As shown in Exhibit 9-1, if equilibrium GDP is $5 trillion, then the total of investment, government spending, and net exports is:
8
4.5
As shown in Exhibit 9-1, if equilibrium GDP is $5 trillion, then the total of investme
O $1 trillion.
$2 trillion.
O $3 trillion.
O $4 trillion.
$6 trillion.
4
Aggregate
Expenditures
6
Unplanned inventory
8. The income-expenditure model
Consider a small economy that is closed to trade, so its net exports are equal to zero. Suppose that the economy has the following consumption
function, where C is consumption, Y is real GDP, I is investment, G is government purchases, and T stands for net taxes:
C = 15+0.75 x (Y-T)
Suppose G = $90 billion, 1 = $60 billion, and T = $20 billion.
Given the consumption function and the fact that for a closed economy total expenditure can be calculated as Y=C+I+G, the equilibrium output
level is equal to 5
billion.
Suppose the government purchases are increased by $50 billion. The new equilibrium level of output will be equal to
Based on the effect of the change in government purchases on equilibrium output, you can tell that this economy's spending multiplier is equal to
Chapter 31 Solutions
Economics (Irwin Economics)
Ch. 31.2 - Prob. 1QQCh. 31.2 - Prob. 2QQCh. 31.2 - Prob. 3QQCh. 31.2 - Prob. 4QQCh. 31.7 - Prob. 1QQCh. 31.7 - Prob. 2QQCh. 31.7 - Prob. 3QQCh. 31.7 - Prob. 4QQCh. 31 - Prob. 1DQCh. 31 - Prob. 2DQ
Ch. 31 - Prob. 3DQCh. 31 - Prob. 4DQCh. 31 - Prob. 5DQCh. 31 - Prob. 6DQCh. 31 - Prob. 7DQCh. 31 - Prob. 8DQCh. 31 - Prob. 1RQCh. 31 - Prob. 2RQCh. 31 - Prob. 3RQCh. 31 - Prob. 4RQCh. 31 - Prob. 5RQCh. 31 - Prob. 6RQCh. 31 - Prob. 7RQCh. 31 - Prob. 8RQCh. 31 - Prob. 9RQCh. 31 - Prob. 1PCh. 31 - Prob. 2PCh. 31 - Prob. 3PCh. 31 - Prob. 4PCh. 31 - Prob. 5PCh. 31 - Prob. 6PCh. 31 - Prob. 7PCh. 31 - Prob. 8PCh. 31 - Prob. 9PCh. 31 - Prob. 10P
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- 5. Algebra of the income-expenditure model Consider a small economy that is closed to trade, so its net exports are equal to zero. Suppose that the economy has the following consumption function, where C is consumption, Y is real GDP, / is investment, G is government purchases, and T is for net taxes: C 40+0.5x (Y-T) Suppose G $265 billion, 7- $50 billion, and T $10 billion. Given the consumption function and the fact that, in a closed economy, total expenditure can be calculated as Y = C+I+G, the equilibrium output level is s billion. Suppose the government purchases are reduced by $100 billion. The new equilibrium level of output will be equal to s billion. Based on the effect of the change in government purchases on equilibrium output, you can tell that this economy's spending multiplier is equal toarrow_forwardMa4. Please give only typed answer. Use the information below to answer the following questions. Suppose that in China, investment is ¥190 billion, saving is ¥170 billion, government expenditure on goods and services is ¥195 billion, exports are ¥230 billion, and imports are ¥270 billion (¥ is yuan, the currency of China). The government received¥__________billion in tax revenues. The government has a budget__________equal to ¥_____________billion which is exerting a(n)______________influance on investment by__________________ the demand for loanable funds, which___________the real interest rate and ____________investment.arrow_forward1. Aggregate expenditures and income The following table shows consumption (C), investment (1), government spending (G), and net exports (X-M) in a hypothetical economy for various levels of real GDP (Y). Assume that the price level remains unchanged at all levels of income. All figures are in billions of dollars. Compute aggregate expenditures for each income level and fill in the last column In the following table. Y с G 500 525 250 150 600 550 250 150 575 250 150 600 250 150 -200 900 625 250 150 -200 700 800 AL AGGREGATE EXPENDITURES (Billions of dollars) The following graph shows real GDP on the horizontal axis and aggregate expenditures (AE) on the vertical axis. The orange line (square symbols) represents a 45-degree (Y-AE) line. 1000 Use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot the aggregate expenditures line for this economy. Line segments will automatically connect the points. 900 300 I 700 X-M Aggregate Expenditures -200 725 -200 750 775 800 825 600 500 + -200 AE line *+…arrow_forward
- Explain graphically the determination of equilibrium GDP for a private economy through the aggregate expenditures model. Now add government purchases (any amount you choose) to your graph, showing its impact on equilibrium GDP. Finally, add taxation (any amount of lump-sum tax that you choose) to your graph and show its effect on equilibrium GDP. Looking at your graph, determine whether equilibrium GDP has increased, decreased, or stayed the same given the sizes of the government purchases and taxes that you selected.arrow_forwardOverall Price Level 49 43 32 19 AD2 AS O Increase government spending: $19 O Increase taxes; $26 O increase taxes; $19 O Increase government spending; $29 AD 26 29 Real GDP Please refer to the graph above. Assume we begin in equilibrium at ADO and AS. Ceteris paribus, which fiscal policy will lead to which initial real GDP?arrow_forwardIn the United States, from the most recent fiscal data we reviewed in class, total government spending is roughly 39% of GDP; yet, using the expenditure method for calculating GDP, government expenditures on goods and services were only 17% of GDP. Which of the following most likely explains the difference? Select one: O a. Transfer payments are included in the second figure, but not the first one. O b. Transfer payments are included in the first figure, but not the second one. O c. Military (i.e. defense) spending on goods and services is included in the second figure, but not the first one. O d. Military (i.e. defense) spending on goods and services is included in the first figure, but not the second one.arrow_forward
- Still with the same data on Macroland, a closed economy with no government sector, and with fixed price level and interest rate. Fill-in the blank in the following table, then answer the following question. GDP Yd Iplanned lunplanned 20 22 30 50 30 80 30 100 70 30 The Macroland's government reduced its taxes by 20, the income- expenditure equilibrium is expected to be: O 50 O 80 O 100 O 150arrow_forwardDirections: click on the graph in the window on the right and select Time Series to graph the U.S. public (federal) net outstanding debt as a percentage of GDP for the years 1940-2005. For Y Axis1 select Net Federal Debt, percentage of GDP. Use the figure to help determine which of the following statements are true. O A. The U.S. net federal debt to GDP ratio has been, for the most part, decreasing since the end of World War II, despite the fact that the U.S. economy was expanding and could afford a larger debt to GDP ratio. OB. As a result of the exceptionally large increases in U.S. government military expenditures in the first half of the 1940's, that were needed to win World War II, the net U.S. public debt to GDP ratio increased substantially, surpassing 100%. Since the late 1950's however, U.S. net federal debt to GDP ratio has fluctuated within a relatively small bend around the 40% line. OC. The net U.S. federal debt to GDP ratio follows a pattern that cannot have a meaningful…arrow_forwardIn what situation can property tax become a regressive tax? O When the property owner starts living on a fixed income and property taxes stay the same When the property owner starts living on a fixed income and property taxes decrease O When the property owner starts living on a fixed income and property taxes increase When the income of the property owners is increasingarrow_forward
- Suppose Ausland's spending for the year can be described by the table below: Construction of New Housing $50 Private Consumption $650 Government Spending on Public $400 Private Acquisition of Capital Goods $160 Goods and Services Exports $100 GST Revenue $20 Imports $80 Marginal Propensity to Consume 0.6 Marginal Tax Rate 0.25 Marginal Propensity to Import 0.05 What is the value of Ausland's Investment (1) expenditure? Select one: O a. $50 O b. $350 O c. $160 O d. $210arrow_forwardReal GDP Consumption (dollars) expenditure (dollars) 10 22.5 20 30 30 37.5 40 45 50 52.5 60 60 2 LAS 160 * SAS 150 140 130 120 AD 4 8 12 16 20 24 Real GDP (trillions of 2000 dollars) In the above table and figure, supposed that there is no import or proportional tax. To pull the economy back to the long-run equilibrium, the government can conduct a balanced budget operation by spending $ trillion. O 1) 1 O 2) 2 O 3) 4 4) 8 el (GDP deflator, 2000 = 100) Coarrow_forward4 Suppose that Alberta imposes a sales tax of 10 percent on all goods and services. An Albertan named Ralph then goes into a home improvement store in the provincial capital of Edmonton and buys a leaf blower that is priced at $200. With the 10 percent sales tax, his total comes to $220. How much of the $220 paid by Ralph will be counted in the national income and product accounts as private income (employee compensation, rents, interest, proprietors' income, and corporate profits) v (Click to select) $220 $200 $180 None of the abovearrow_forward
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