Chapter 23, Problem 23.51SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of isooctane has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.

Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.

Suffix denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...

Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.

When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.

IUPAC naming for Alkane:

• Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.
• Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.
• Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.
• Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.