Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 19, Problem 2AC
Applying the Concepts
2. During major floods, only the topmost branches of submerged trees may be visible above the. water. If you were asked to sketch the branches below the surface of the water solely on the basis of the positions of the exposed tips, you would be attempting a reconstruction somewhat similar to the “family tree” by which systematists link various organisms according to their common ancestors (analogous to branching points). What sources of error do both exercises share? What advantages do modern systematists have?
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Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree
Now, you are going to create and the interpret your own phylogenetic tree. Take a look at the characteristics for these organisms.
Plant Group
Photosynthesis?
Seeds?
Water-conducting Tissue?
Flowers?
Ferns
X
Gymnosperms
Mosses
Angiosperms
X
Using the characteristics from the table above, determine where each of these organisms belongs on the tree below, then answer the questions.
D
A
В
Being able to do photosynthesis is an example of a:
O shared derived character
O shared ancestral character
Part 2: Interpreting your phylogeny
Use your phylogeny to answer the following questions in the spaces provided
1.
Does any character exhibit evolutionary convergence (i.e., homoplasy) on this
tree? If so, which one(s)?
Is live birth a derived or an ancestral feature?
2.
3.
If species A, B, and C were placed into their own genus based on the presence of
green eyes, would this group be monophyletic, paraphyletic, or polyphyletic?
If species D, E, F, and G were placed into their own genus based on the presence
of red eyes, would this group be monophyletic, paraphyletic, or polyphyletic?
If species F and G had green eyes, and you knew nothing about the ancestor of
the group, would green eyes be more likely to be a derived trait or an ancestral
trait?
4.
5.
Is any character trait on the tree an autapomorphy, meaning that it is derived but
not shared with any other taxa? If so, which one(s)? If not, write 'none.'
6.
Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree
Now, you are going to create and the interpret your own phylogenetic tree. Take a look at the characteristics for these organisms.
Seeds?
Plant Group
Photosynthesis?
Water-conducting Tissue?
Flowers?
Ferns
X
Gymnosperms
Mosses
X
Angiosperms
X
Using the characteristics from the table above, determine where each of these organisms belongs on the tree below, then answer the questions.
D
В
Which plant group belongs at position "B"?
mosses
gymnosperms
angiosperms
ferns
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 19.1 - Analysis of human chromosome 2 revealed that it...Ch. 19.1 - Origin of a Killer Analysis of nucleotide...Ch. 19.1 - explain why scientific names are necessary?Ch. 19.1 - describe the type of similarities that...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 19.2 - explain how scientists discovered that prokaryotes...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 19.3 - Prob. 1CYL
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 19 - Prob. 1MCCh. 19 - To be informative for reconstructing the phylogeny...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3MCCh. 19 - In modern systematics, classifications are...Ch. 19 - Which of the following includes all the domains...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 19 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 19 - In Linnaean classification, the eight major...Ch. 19 - Systematists determine the evolutionary...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 19 - The number of named species is about ________, but...Ch. 19 - What contributions did Linnaeus and Darwin make to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2RQCh. 19 - What techniques might you use to determine whether...Ch. 19 - Only a small fraction of the total number of...Ch. 19 - In England, daddy longlegs refers to a long-legged...Ch. 19 - Why are species designations of asexually...Ch. 19 - Applying the Concepts The pressures created by...Ch. 19 - Applying the Concepts 2. During major floods, only...Ch. 19 - Consider the following list of groups: (1)...
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