Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 13.2, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The genetic material is all the living organism is the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The DNA sequences are unique to the organisms. The changes in the DNA sequence of an organism is referred to as mutation.
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Which of the following statements best describes the effect of mutations in DNA?
A Mutations result in changes that can be positive, be negative, or have no consequences
B Mutations result in changes that always have negative consequences
C Mutations result in changes that cannot be detected unless it is revealed by genetic screening
D Mutations result in changes that have no consequences
Which of the following has an impact on the rate at which mutations occur in cells?
(Choose All That Apply)
the magnitude of an environmental change
the number of times DNA is replicated
the size of the genome of an organism
the frequency of cell division
Define all the terms we use to describe the different types of mutations. For example, true-back mutation, point mutation, deletion, insertion, frame-shifting, conditional, silent,
Chapter 13 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 13.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 13.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 13.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 13 - A mutation removes a single base pair within the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2TYCh. 13 - Prob. 3TYCh. 13 - Prob. 4TYCh. 13 - Prob. 5TYCh. 13 - Prob. 6TYCh. 13 - Prob. 7TYCh. 13 - Prob. 8TYCh. 13 - Prob. 9TYCh. 13 - Prob. 10TYCh. 13 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 13 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 13 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 13 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 13 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Gene mutations can be classified in two major ways:(1) hereditary or germline mutations that are inherited from a parent and are present throughout a person’s life in virtually every cell in the body.(2) acquired or somatic mutations that occur at some time during a person’s life and are present only in certain cells, not in every cell in the body.If there is no family history of a particular disease but a child has the disease then it may have arisen due to a(n) ________ mutation early during development. A) acquired B) inherited C) silent D) transitionarrow_forwardMost genetic mutations are deleterious, producing negative effects. True or false?arrow_forwardBeing able to understand the relationship between DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes and proteins, is necessary for any researcher interested in gene therapy. Gene therapy is dedicated to correcting genetic defects by replacing mutated genes with wildtype versions. This can include complete removal and introduction of a working copy of the entire gene (using knock-outs and knock-ins) or removal of only the actual mutated nucleotide. Sickle Cell Disease is an example of a recessive disorder based on a single-point mutation: GAG becomes GTG, which encodes a new amino acid. One would only need to replace a single base to correct the disorder making it very attractive to gene therapy researchers. The mutant sickle cell allele is called HbS (for sickled hemoglobin) while the wt allele is HbA. Pretend that Arcel Kasongo, a masters student from Cambridge, is studying for an oral exam on gene therapy, and has an especial interest in the disorder since he comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo…arrow_forward
- A mutation can be defined as a change in an organism's transcription. phenotype. genotype. proteins.arrow_forwardBeing able to understand the relationship between DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes and proteins, is necessary for any researcher interested in gene therapy. Gene therapy is dedicated to correcting genetic defects by replacing mutated genes with wildtype versions. This can include complete removal and introduction of a working copy of the entire gene (using knock-outs and knock-ins) or removal of only the actual mutated nucleotide. Sickle Cell Disease is an example of a recessive disorder based on a single-point mutation: GAG becomes GTG, which encodes a new amino acid. One would only need to replace a single base to correct the disorder making it very attractive to gene therapy researchers. The mutant sickle cell allele is called HbS (for sickled hemoglobin) while the wt allele is HbA. Pretend that Arcel Kasongo, a masters student from Cambridge, is studying for an oral exam on gene therapy, and has an especial interest in the disorder since he comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo…arrow_forwardMutagens, when introduced to the body can always cause cancer. Is this statement true? Select the correct response: No. Mutagens do not necessarily, directly equate to the cause of cancer. A cancer is usually caused by a substance called carcinogen that increases the probability of inducing a tumor. Mutagens can be limited to the result of spontaneous or induced mutations that causes changes and/or errors in the coding and reading of the DNA strand and in the genetic make- up of the organism involved. Though some mutagens are considered as carcinogens, not all mutagens can lead to cancer. Yes. The terms can be used interchangeably even in the medical field. Yes. Mutagens does equate to the cause of cancer. A cancer is usually caused by a substance called carcinogen that increases the probability of inducing a tumor. However, mutagens is not only limited to the result of spontaneous or induced mutations that causes changes and/or errors in the coding and reading of the DNA strand and in…arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a transition mutation? OC --> G O C --> T OC--> Aarrow_forwardExplain what a mutation is and how it can cause a genetic disease.arrow_forwardName the two types of mutagens, give an example for each, and briefly describe how they cause mutations. Mutagen: Example: Description: Mutagen: Example: Description:arrow_forward
- Mutations that eliminate the function of a protein are generally associated with: missense changes in a small number of codons in a gene mutations creating UGA, UAA or UAG sequences in introns base pair changes that occur within the promoter of a gene activating mutations in proto-oncogenes that cause growth mutations in tumor suppressor genes that lead to cancer A scientist is doing a PCR experiment where she is using PCR primers where the 5' ends have a radioactive phosphorus atom (33P) on them. After performing 30 cycles of amplification, where will the radioactivity be found? Assume that the polymerase used has no exonuclease activity. choose one or more1-free nucleotides2-unused primers3-in the PCR products When you send your saliva sample to 23andMe, they: identify the bases at one of over half a million places in your genome break the DNA using special enzymes and measure the sizes on gels…arrow_forwardCystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in a gene resulting in changes to a protein that regulates the movement of salt in and out of cells. The result is thick, sticky mucus in the respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems. Which application of genetic engineering is a promising treatment for cystic fibrosis? O Gene therapy. DNA recombination. OGel electrophoresis. DNA fingerprinting.arrow_forwardWhich of the following genetic alterations is most likely to result in a silent mutation? a transversion mutation a duplication of one chromosome a frameshift mutation a deletion of one chromosome a transition mutationarrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY