(a)
Interpretation:
The mechanism for the given reaction has to be proposed.
Concept introduction:
(b)
Interpretation:
To predict the reside of labeled oxygen in the product when a carboxylic acid is dissolved in isotopically labeled methanol and acid catalyst is added to it.
Concept introduction:
Carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of a strong acid to form an ester. Carbonyl oxygen of carboxylic acid gets protonated by the acid resulting in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Alcohol can act as a nucleophile which gets attached to the carbonyl carbon after that tetrahedral intermediate is formed. A proton is removed from alkoxy group (
(c)
Interpretation:
To predict the labeled reside in the product when ester is dissolved in isotopically labeled water(
Concept introduction:
Ester undergoes hydrolysis when dissolved in water with acid. Carbonyl oxygen of ester gets protonated by the acid resulting in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Water can act as a nucleophile which gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of ester after that tetrahedral intermediate is formed. A proton is removed from
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Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
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