The conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA involves an oxidative decarboxylation. Correct the path of the electrons through this mechanism: Pyruvate -> NAD -> lipoamide -> FAD -> TPP
Q: Each cycle of beta (β)-oxidation produces a. 1 FADH2, 1 NADH, and 2 CO2 molecules b. 1 FADH2, 1…
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Q: If a person is starving for a prolonged time, an excessive build up of Acetyl CoA ultimately leads…
A: Acetyl Co-A can be synthesized during starvation from either amino acids or fatty acids. The end…
Q: A deficiency in which of the following B vitamins would NOT directly impact the ability of cells to…
A: Deficiencies in all of the above would directly impact the ability of cells to convert pyruvate into…
Q: How many ATP can be made from one molecule of the following? Explain how this is done. Acetyl-CoA…
A: Cellular respiration is the process in which energy stored in the chemical form in the biomolecules…
Q: A Acetyl group combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA B Citrate is formed Hydrogen atoms are…
A: The given data is related to aerobic respiration. Which includes following steps: Glycolysis (…
Q: If oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPS per mole through the citric acid cycle, how many ATPS will…
A: Amino acids catabolism can either be done to produce urea by removal of α-amino groups or to form…
Q: Not all of the acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria is carboxylated to malonyl-CoA because some are used…
A: Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. Acetyl CoA cannot cross the mitochondrial membrane.…
Q: The citric acid cycle is a critical sequence of reactions for energy production, which take place in…
A: Citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle or TCA cycle is the second major process that occurs after the…
Q: How many ATP molecules result from the processing of 10 acetyl CoA molecule through the common…
A: Glucose is metabolized through the glycolytic pathway, whose end product is the three carbon…
Q: Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA a. Through oxidative carboxylation process in the cytoplasm b.…
A: Aerobic respiration refers to the process in which glucose is converted to produce chemical energy…
Q: '. If oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPS per mole through the cit- ric acid cycle, how many ATPS…
A: Acetyl-CoA is generated either by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate from glycolysis, which…
Q: Upon considering the complete oxidation of one mole of fatty acyl (CoA) of an arachidic acid (20:0).…
A: Beta-oxidation of fatty acid was the catabolic process of long-chain fatty acid that involves the…
Q: Which of the following is incorrect about the fifth step (conversion of succinyl-CoA, GDP, and Pi to…
A: Citric acid cycle also known as kreb cycle or TRICARBOXYLIC ACID cycle. Net result of TCA cycle is…
Q: (a) Indicate the steps involved in its oxidation to acetyl-CoA and/or other products (NADH, FADH2,…
A: Beta oxidation of FA is a metabolism of FA which is a cyclic process and at each step one…
Q: How many ATP molecules would be generated if an 8-carbon fatty acid were metabolized solely by the…
A: Triacylglycerols are cleaned to fatty acids and glycerols by lipases before they are used for…
Q: Which of these statements concerning the following citric acid cycle reaction is true? Malate + NAD*…
A: Introduction: TCA cycle is a cyclic process. As many elements enters and leave the cycle, it should…
Q: Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA by the enzymes of the _____________ enzyme complex.
A: Pyruvate is produced in the cytoplasm by glycolysis.
Q: Number of electrons generated in oxidation of 1 glucose to 2 pyrvuate in glycolysis. _ Number of…
A: Enzyme catalyzed reactions during aerobic respiration can be grouped into three major processes:…
Q: The number of CO2 molecules liberated for each molecule of acetyl-CoA during oxidative…
A: Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or Krebs cycle is the oxidative or aerobic part of respiration. This cycle…
Q: Acetyl CoA reacts with what molecule in which pathway to become citrate? O glycolysis, Malate krebs…
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Q: Why does it make sense that under conditions of low ATP levels in the cell the pyruvate carboxylase…
A: Glucose is degraded to pyruvate through the process of glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm.…
Q: The first step of β oxidation is: hydration by enoyl CoA hydrase. oxidation by FAD. activation by…
A: Beta oxidation In metabolism, this process is the catabolic process through which molecules of fatty…
Q: Starting with acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, how many ATP molecules are needed to synthesize a 14 C…
A: This question is related to De Novo synthesis of Fatty acid.
Q: The synthesis of acetyl-CoA from pyruvic acid serves as a bridge between which of the following…
A: Aerobic respiration occurs in presence of oxygen. It includes glycolysis, citric acid cycle and…
Q: At high energy charge (ATP/AMP ratio) AND low blood glucose levels a. Pyruvate is converted to…
A: Catabolism is the breakdown of food molecules especially glucose and carbohydrates for the release…
Q: The citric acid cycle converts each acetyl-CoA to [1/2/3/4] molecules of CO2. This pathway is…
A: Citric acid cycle takes place after glycolysis in the process of respiration. Glycolysis results in…
Q: Which of the following reactions/ pathways does NOT produce NADH? Payoff phase of glycolysis…
A: Anabolism is the process in which two small molecules will form a large molecule and in catabolism,…
Q: Acetyl-CoA can be synthesized a. By pyruvate dehydrogenase or fatty acid ?-oxidation b. All the…
A: Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl CoA is a two carbon molecule that acts as source of carbon to the citric…
Q: The coenzymes required for the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are a. biotin,…
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase was a multifunctional enzyme that was located in mitochondria and catalysis…
Q: If (1-1C)-glucose is metabolized to acetyl-CoA and CO2 via glycolysis and the pyruvate dehydrogenase…
A: Glucose is metabolized into the pyruvate and through the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex and…
Q: Which of the following statements are TRUE? Multiple answers are accepted for this question a .Two…
A: Two answers are correct
Q: Identify different types of organic reaction mechanism (SN1, SN2, etc) and reaction types (addition,…
A: The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction with a unimolecular rate-determining step.…
Q: Which of the following is an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis? Group of answer choices: -ATP -ADP…
A: Gluconeogenesis is the process of Synthesis of glucose from lactose, pyruvate, glucogenic aminoacids…
Q: What major metabolic substrate do ketone bodies convert into so that they enter the metabolic…
A: Ketone bodies are formed from β-oxidation of fatty acid.
Q: oduced during the reactions of acetyl-CoA formation? Acetyl CoA
A: Acetyl-CoA can be defined as the acetyl-coenzyme A is the molecule that involves in many biochemical…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a fate of acetyl-CoA in mammals? a. Is used to synthesize cholesterol…
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Q: When acetyl-CoA oxidized via the citric acid cycle, yields 10 ATP equivalents: 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and…
A: The citric acid cycle occurring in the mitochondrial matrix is the second step of cellular…
Q: Acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetic acid. All molecules of NADH and FADH2 generated by the process…
A: Answer 1- last step of Krebs cycle. Answer 2- fourth step of respiratory chain Answer 3- third…
Q: To begin the TCA cycle, pyruvate must be converted into acetyl-Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by the enzyme…
A: The TCA cycle is at the center of cellular metabolism, playing a starring role in both the process…
Q: In which of the given steps of TCA cycle one C is lost from substrate in the form of CO2 as well as…
A: Cellular respiration is a biochemical process of oxidation of organic compounds in an orderly manner…
Q: If oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPs per mole through the citric acidcycle, how many ATPs will…
A: The citric acid cycle is the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to produce ATP. It also provides an entry point…
Q: Acetyl-CoA, the TCA Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain
A: Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule participates in some biochemical reactions in protein,…
Q: In the first step of the TCA cycle the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is transferred to oxaloacetate to…
A: Citric acid cycle, also known as tricarboxylic acid cycle or Krebs cycle occurs in the…
Q: Mammals cannot undergo net synthesis of carbohydrate from acetyl-CoA, but the carbons of acetyl-CoA…
A: Glucose is catabolized to generate ATP by respiration. The carbon chain in glucose is oxidized and…
Q: The co-enzyme that helps in the removal of carbon dioxide from pyruvate during the PDH mechanism is…
A: PDH means pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. PDH complex catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl…
Q: Which of the following statements explains why acetyl-CoA is considered the central molecule of…
A: Introduction: Acetyl-CoA is a membrane-impermeant molecule that contains acetyl-CoA linked to…
Q: If TWO acetyl CoA enter the citric acid cycle, for each glucose we started with, then how many of…
A: In the process of aerobic respiration, a molecule of glucose is converted to two molecules of…
Q: If we label the two carbons composing the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA with 14C, a radioactive isotope…
A: The Krebs cycle is also referred to as the citric acid cycle or TCA (Tricarboxylic acid cycle) and…
Q: Which of the following is NOT produced during the reactions of acetyl-CoA formation? (only one…
A: Acetyl-CoA can be generated in either of two ways, first is oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate…
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- Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP Study Figure 19.2 and determine how many ATP molecules would be generated if a 16-carbon fatly acid were metabolized solely by the TCA cycle, in the form of S acetyl-CoA molecules.Fatty acids are activated for breakdown through the action of acyl-CoA synthestase. Which of the following statements regarding acyl-CoA synthetase is not true? ● It catalyzes the addition of CoA to the fatty acid One of the products of the reaction is ADP. O The free energy change for the reaction catalyzed by this reaction is close to 0 kJ/mol, but the subsequent hydrolysis of pyrophosphate drives the reaction forward. O The reaction results in the formation of a thioester bond.Complete the balanced equation for the synthesis of the fatty acid. x Acetyl-CoA + y ATP + z NADPH + z H+ CH3(CH2)20COOH + x CoA+ y ADP + y Pi + v H₂O + Z NADP+ x=12 y=11 z=22 v=10 x=5 y=4 Z=8 v=3 x=7 y=6 Z=12 v=5 x=11 y=10 z=20 v=9
- Coenzyme A (CoA-SH) plays an important role in the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex reaction. Which is correct? Coenzyme A serves as an electron acceptor in this reaction. The hydrolysis of a CoA thioester has a positive AG", the hydrolysis is endergonic and unfavorable. Coenzyme A is derived from thiamine, a vitamin. Coenzyme A contains -SH group and can serve as an acyl group carrier.In the pyruvae dehydrogensae complex, acetyl-coa is released by the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase activity. What is the purpose of the following enzymatic activity.The diagram on the right compares the O2 uptake activity of mitochondria isolated from cultures of (wt) STHdhQ7/Q7 and mutant STHDHQ111/Q111 striatal neuronal progenitor cells, as introduced in Question 1. Panels A and B be- long to wt mitochondria and Panels C and D be- long to HD mitochondria. The isotonic medium was buffered to pH 7.4 with inorganic phosphate. Respiration is supported initially by addition of py- ruvate (+ malate) at t = 0, followed by additions of ADP (sufficient to consume all of the O2 in the incubation medium), R (rotenone), S (succinate), and O (oligomycin). For Panels A and C, Ca2+ had been added to a concentration of 0.9 µM, Ca2+ 2. B A WT 400 ADP ADP 450 300 - 300 200 Ca2 10 uM 150 100 - C HD 400 ADP R ADP R SO 450 300 - V s Ca2 10 uM 300 200 - 150 100 - while for mitochondria in Panels B and D, had been added to the medium to a final concen- Time 20 min tration of 10 µM, sufficient to require translocation into the mitochondrial matrix by the Ca2+…
- The citric acid cycle is a critical sequence of reactions for energy production, which take place in the matrix of the mitochondria. The reaction cycle requires materials from the cytosol to be converted into acetyl CoA, which represents the starting point of a new cycle. Which of the following statements about acetyl CoA is true? (a) Acetyl CoA is recycled at the end of every cycle. (b) Oxaloacetate is attached to acetyl CoA to feed the citric acid cycle. (c) Triacylglycerol molecules are transported into the mitochondrial matrix and cleaved by lipases to produce acetyl CoA. (d) Oxaloacetate is converted directly into acetyl CoA to feed the citric acid cycleThe citric acid cycle is shown. The methyl carbon in acetyl CoA is labeled with C14C14 (shown in red). Identify which of the carbons in each intermediate will be labeled in the first round of the cycle by selecting the indicated carbon(s). Each question has multiple options, please choose more than one. Which carbon(s) in α‑ketoglutarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 Which carbon(s) in succinyl‑CoA will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in succinate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in fumarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in malate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in oxaloacetate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4The large amount of energy used during aerobic exercise(e.g., running) requires large amounts of oxaloacetate.Explain why acetyl-CoA cannot be used to produceoxaloacetate in this circumstance. What is the sourceof oxaloacetate molecules during aerobic activity?
- To begin the TCA cycle, pyruvate must be converted into acetyl-Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by the enzyme complex of pyruvate dehydrogenase. This complex requires 5 different coenzymes to function properly. What are they?How similar of an effect would a mutation in pyruvate dehydrogenase have, compared to a mutation in pyruvate carboxylase that blocks its ability to be regulated by acetyl-CoA?Fourteen NADPH molecules are required to produce one molecules of palmitic acid from acetyl CoA. Substantiate this statement by referring to the enzymatic activities involved in reduction steps during fatty acid synthesis and the number of cycles required to produce palmitic acid from acetyl CoA. How many molecules of ATP is required for the synthesis of palmitic acid from cytosolic acetyl-CoA?