Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 9.5, Problem 1CSC
Body, Heal Thyself
The precision of mitotic cell division is essential for repairing damaged tissues like those in Bartolo Colón’s pitching arm. Imagine what might happen if DNA synthesis during interphase did not copy all of the genes accurately, or if mitotic cell division sent random numbers and types of chromosomes into the daughter cells. Some of the daughter cells might not contain all the genes needed to form the cell types that are required to repair damaged tissues. Other daughter cells might have genetic changes that stimulate unrestrained cell division and cause cancer. In cancer cells, the cell cycle spins out of control, but under normal circumstances cell division is precisely regulated. How does the body usually control the cell cycle?
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Here is a replication fork during S phase of the cell cycle. DNA strands are labeled 1-4. After mitosis and cytokinesis is complete,
One daughter cell will have strands 18&2, another will have strands 3&4
One cell will have 1&3, the other will have 2&4
Each of the strands (1-4) will be in a different cell.
All four strands will end up in the same cell, and the other cell will have the complementary strands.
Both A and B are equally likely.
You would expect to find chromatin in which form during the Gap2 phase of the
cell cycle?
Replicated heterochromatin
Chromatin in the same form as during metaphase of meiosis.
Chromatin in the same form as during metaphase of mitosis
Un replicated heterochromatin
Replicated euchromatin
v Part A
Match the description with the stage of the cell cycle.
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Centrioles move to opposite ends of
the cell
DNA condenses to form
chromosomes
Chromosomes line up in the middle of
the cell
Chromosomes Split and Move to
opposite ends of the cell
Cell begins to split into two
DNA replicates
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 9.1 - describe the types of cells found in a...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 9.2 - describe the prokaryotic cell cycle and the major...Ch. 9.3 - describe the structure of a eukaryotic chromosome?Ch. 9.3 - describe the functions of telomeres and...Ch. 9.4 - Body, Heal Thyself Ligaments and tendons have a...Ch. 9.4 - describe the events of the eukaryotic cell cycle?Ch. 9.4 - explain the difference between mitotic cell...Ch. 9.5 - What would the consequences be if one set of...Ch. 9.5 - Body, Heal Thyself The precision of mitotic cell...
Ch. 9.5 - describe the steps of mitotic cell division?Ch. 9.5 - describe the usual outcome of mitotic cell...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 9.6 - The saliva of dogs, like the saliva of most...Ch. 9.6 - describe the interactions among growth factors,...Ch. 9.6 - explain how a cell protects against producing...Ch. 9.6 - Yesterday, when Daniel was showering after a...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 2TCCh. 9 - A cell that remains capable of dividing throughout...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2MCCh. 9 - Prob. 3MCCh. 9 - How does prokaryotic fission differ from...Ch. 9 - Prob. 5MCCh. 9 - The genetic material of all living organisms is...Ch. 9 - Prokaryotic cells divide by a process called...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 9 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 9 - The four phases of mitosis are _________,...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 9 - Diagram and describe the eukaryotic cell cycle....Ch. 9 - Prob. 2RQCh. 9 - Prob. 3RQCh. 9 - Define the following terms: centromere, telomere,...Ch. 9 - Prob. 5RQCh. 9 - Prob. 6RQCh. 9 - Prob. 7RQCh. 9 - Most nerve cells in the adult human central...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2AC
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- Figure 10.13 Rb and other proteins that negatively regulate the cell cycle are sometimes called tumor suppressors. Why do you think the name tumor suppressor might be appropriate for these proteins?arrow_forwardFigure 6.4 Which of the following is the correct order of events in mitosis? a. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore becomes attached to the initotic spindle. The nucleus re-forms and the cell divides. The sister chromatids separate. b. The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. The sister chromatids separate. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The nucleus re-forms and the cell divides. c. The kinetochore becomes attached to metaphase plate. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore breaks down and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus re-forms and the cell divides. d. The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore breaks apart and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus re-forms and the cell divides.arrow_forwardAnaphase 26. Identify the stages of mitosis in the pictures: prophase Metaphase 27. What type of cell is pictured: Plant or animal? animal 28. What happens if mitosis is not controlled? Cancer Cancer Telophase 2 5 Cytokinesis 29. Describe how checkpoints control the cell cycle. What normally happens to a cell if the cell does not pass a normal cell cycle control? 30. Describe 3 types of genes, if mutated, result in cancer. proto-oncogenes tumor suppressor genes cell fate gener 31. Describe how cancer cells differ from normal cells. bellen beng 32. Describe various causes of cancer. Carcinogens - occelerates cell division ②Mutagens - domage DNA ③Age- 33. Describe various treatments for cancer. Also list possible side effects. Chemotherapy Surgery Radiation 34. What is a mitotic index? What does it measure? mitotic indey to diagnise Hairloss concer and grade tumors 35. Predicting what the mitotic index would be for these cells: a. cardiac (heart) cells low high b. cells of root tips low…arrow_forward
- Figure 3.7 shows a syncytial Drosophila embryo, a single large cell that can contain hundreds or even thousands of nuclei. Each round of nuclear division can occur rapidly, sometimes as quickly as 10 minutes. These rapid divisions do not require all the stages seen in a normal cell cycle. Which stages (G1, S, G, mitosis, cytokinesis) are dispensable and which are not? Explain.arrow_forwardThe checkpoint permits cell entry into mitosis only if all DNA is replicated.* Start APC/C G2/M G1/S A hydrogen atom is sometimes referred to as a proton because O It is positively charged It is negatively charged It has just one proton It has just one electron How many chromosomes are in a human sex cell right after meiosis I? * O 46 O 23 92 4 Which protein family is responsible for facilitating the process of programmed cell death that is activated in cells with significant DNA damage? * O Separase OCaspase Cdk-cyclin OShugoshin O O O O O O O Oarrow_forwardMITOTIC In the cell cycle it is necessary for interphase to happen before mitosis and cytokinesis creates 2 identical cells. Why is interphase neccessary? What is 1 major reason that mitosis wouldn't work without interphase happening first? INTERPHASE G, (DNA synthesis) Cytokinesis PHASE (M) G, Ce t (level 1) tv MacBook Air DII 80 FS F4 & 23 $ 9. 7 8 3 4 Y W E J K F C V command option nd ...-arrow_forward
- A) Quiescent Anaphase Telophase Telophase phase Metaphase Prometaph The maternal and paternal chromosomes of each homologous pair separate and reach the poles of the cell, nuclear envelopes form around them, and cytokinesis follows to produce daughter cells.arrow_forwardWhich phase is described below? The chromosomes condense, Each is made of two sister chromatids,(looks) like an "X" Each sister is a clone, the closest of kin, And acentromere connects them like siamese twinsThe nucleolus disappears it melts away, as the cell takes a ribosomeproduction holiday, the centrosomes separate, start spindle formationfor separating chromatids and cell elongation.arrow_forwardMatch these cell cycle checkpoints to their role in genome integrity Is the DNA replicated with out damage? [ Choose ] [Choose ] Are the chromosomes lined up correctly attached to the mitotic spindle? Intra-S (during S-phase) G1/S G2 Does the cell have a enough nutrients, proteins and growth factors? [ Choose ] Is the cellular DNA badly damaged during the replication process? [ Choose ]arrow_forward
- D. centromere QUESTION 8 Match the stages of mitotic cell division to the descriptions of those stages. v chromosomes attach to spindle fibers across the middle of the cell chromosomes are not yet duplicated so chromosomes only look like a line, only one pair of centrioles in cell A. Telophase cell membrane is pinching in forming a peanut-shaped cell, daughter v chromosomes reach the poles and new nuclear membranes are forming around them B. Late Interphase C. Early Interphase the nuclear membrane is breaking down, chromosomes are |condensing, centrioles are building microtubule "highways" (spindle fibers) D. Metaphase E. Anaphase chromosomes are duplicated so chromosomes look like an "X", two pairs of centrioles and double the amount of organelles fill the cell F. Prophase v cell is dividing into two identical cells G. Cytokinesis daughter chromosomes are beginning their migration to the poles on spindle fibers QUESTION 9 How do the two cells formed by a mitotic cell division compare…arrow_forwardIn the tracking chromosomal DNA movement through mitosis experiment, how many chromosomes did each of your daughter cells contain? Why is it important for each daughter cell to contain information identical to the parent cell? How often do human skin cells divide? Why might that be? Compare this rate to how frequently human neurons divide. What do you notice?arrow_forward4) Describe in detail how p53 and MDM2 regulate cell division in a normal, healthy cell. You should describe 1) how these proteins cooperate to allow a cell to go through the cell cycle, 2) how they cooperate to stop the cell cycle, and 3) how they allow the cell cycle to continue again after having stopped it initially. You may use point form if you want.arrow_forward
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The Cell Cycle and its Regulation; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqJqhA8HSJ0;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Cell Division - Mitosis and Meiosis - GCSE Biology (9-1); Author: Mr Exham Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7vp_uRA8kw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY