Interpretation:
The electron configuration of the
Concept Introduction:
The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The electrons that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. The general outer electronic configuration of
Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:
Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
- Palladium, with an electron configuration of [Kr] 4d10, is an exception to the aufbau principle. Write the electron configuration of the 2+ cation of palladium. Does the fact that palladium is an exception influence the electron configuration of Pd2+?arrow_forwardAn ion M2+ has the configuration [Ar]3d2, and an atom has the configuration [Ar]4s2. Identify the ion and the atom.arrow_forwardWrite the complete ground-state electron configuration of Fe2+.arrow_forward
- Write the electron configuration for P2. How many electrons are in the 3p orbital? How many total valence electrons are in P2? Name a neutral element that is isoelectronic with P2.arrow_forwardThere are at least 14 elements categorized as “essential trace elements” for the human body. They are called “essential” because they are required for healthy bodily functions, “trace” because they are required only in small amounts, and “elements” in spite of the fact that they are really ions. Two of these essential trace elements, chromium and zinc, are required as Cr3+ and Zn2+. Write the electron configurations of these cations.arrow_forwardAn element X has atomic number 34. Which of the following statements about the electron configuration of X is CORRECT? O X has one empty 3d orbital. O The ion X2- has the electron configuration [Ar]3d104524p?. X has the electron configuration [Ar]3d104s24p4. O An X atom has two 4p orbitals with electrons of opposite spin.arrow_forward
- The electron configuration of a chlorine atomis [Ne]3 s 2 3 p 5 . When it gains an electron and becomesan ion, its electron configuration changes to [Ne]3 s 2 3 p 6 ,or [Ar], the electron configuration for argon. Has thechlorine atom changed to an argon atom? Explain.arrow_forwardCalcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and germanium (Ge) are elements in the fourth period of the Periodic Table. All elements form 2+ cations. Ca has a radius of 114 pm, Mn²* has a radius of 81 pm, and Ge2* has a radius of 87 pm. a) Write the electron configuration for Ca2* using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. b) Write the electron configuration for Mn2 using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. c) Write the electron configuration for Ge2 using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. d) Explain the radius size trend for these three ions. (2-3 sentences)arrow_forwardFill in the orbital energy diagram for the oxygen atom. 2p E 2s 1sarrow_forward
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