Concept explainers
(a)
The direction of impact with the meteorite.
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Introduction:
The meteorites are rock-like shapes that move in the space together with earth and the other planets. These meteorites are large in shapes, have a rigid structure that does not follow any desired path. This meteorite is a solid shaped body that originated from a comet or an asteroid.
The striking of the meteorites with the earth is exactly in the opposite direction to the orbital velocity with which the earth is travelling.
Conclusion:
The direction of striking meteorite is exactly opposite to the direction of the orbital velocity of the earth.
(b)
The maximum percentage change in earth’s orbital speed as a result of collision.
(b)
Answer to Problem 71P
The maximum percentage change in earth’s orbital speed as a result of collision is
Explanation of Solution
Given:
The mass of the meteorite is
The speed of the meteorite is
The earth’s orbital speed is about
Formula used:
The expression for conservation of momentum is given as,
Here,
The expression for the momentum is given as,
The expression for the percentage change in earth’s orbital speed is given as,
Here,
Calculation:
Applying the linear conservation of momentum into the system as,
As after the collision the meteorite and earth moves horizontally. Therefore,
On further solving as,
Since the mass of earth is very large as compared to the mass of the meteorite.
Therefore, The term
Thus, the final velocity is expressed as,
The expression for the percentage change in earth’s orbital speed is given as,
The percentage can be calculated as,
On further solving as,
Conclusion:
Therefore, the maximum percentage change in earth’s orbital speed as a result of collision is
(c)
The mass of an asteroid to change the earth’s orbital speed by
(c)
Answer to Problem 71P
The mass of an asteroid to change the earth’s orbital speed by
Explanation of Solution
Given:
The weight of the meteorite is
The speed of the meteorite is
The earth’s orbital speed is about
The percentage change in the earth’s orbital speed is
Formula used:
The expression for percentage change in earth’s orbital speed is given as,
Calculation:
The mass of the meteorite can be calculated as,
On further solving as,
Conclusion:
Therefore,the mass of an asteroid to change the earth’s orbital speed by
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
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