Biology: How Life Works
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781319017637
Author: James Morris, Daniel Hartl, Andrew Knoll, Melissa Michael, Robert Lue, Andrew Berry, Andrew Biewener, Brian Farrell, N. Michele Holbrook
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 7.3, Problem 7SAQ
Summary Introduction
Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA and this compound connects the citric acid cycle with the glycolysis. Citric acid is otherwise termed as tri-carboxylic acid (TCA). This molecule is then oxidized through a series of reactions. The oxidation process occurs in the mitochondria.
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Of the 36 molecules of ATP produced by the complete metabolism of glucose, how many are produced directly in glycolysis alone, that is, before the common pathway?
At the end of the citric acid cycle, but before the subsequent steps of cellular respiration, which molecules contain the energy held in the original glucose molecule?
How many total moles of ATP are created in a cell with an ATP synthase with 8 c subunits for every 28 moles of glucose that is completely oxidized in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle? Assume that NADH is transported by the malate aspartate shuttle.
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- [Six/three/one] enzymes that participate in the complete catabolism of glucose through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are oxidative decarboxylations. From one glucose molecule [six/five/three/two] carbon dioxide molecules are produced after complete catabolism through these pathways. Glycolysis occurs in the [cytosol/lysosome/mitochondrial matrix], pyruvate dehydrogenase localizes to the [cytosol/lysosome/mitochondrial matrix], and the citric acid cycle occurs in the [cytosol/lysosome/mitochondrial matrix]. help fill in the blanksarrow_forwardUnder what conditions will metabolism favor the activation of glucose oxidative pathways and why? What is needed for these pathways to be activatedarrow_forwardList four products of glycolysis. How is pyruvate modified before entering the citric acid cycle? Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle?arrow_forward
- Which steps of aerobic metabolism of pyruvate through the citric acid cycle are control points?arrow_forwardGlucose is converted to pyruvate in glycolysis, yielding a netsynthesis of 2 ATP. In certain cells pyruvate can be reconverted to glucose during gluconeogenesis. How many ATPsare required to convert pyruvate back to glucose?arrow_forwardAssuming that the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is operative, a complete oxidation of three molecules of glucose (by a eukaryotic cell) into carbon dioxide and water would produce approximately ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation only. (Consider NADH = 2.5 ATP and FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)arrow_forward
- List four different products of citric acid cycle. Which of the three main stages of aerobic cellular respiration provides the biggest payoff of ATPs, and about how many ATPs from one glucose during this stage? In the absence of sugar, what else can cells use to produce ATP?arrow_forwardHow many ATPs in total are produced from substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardWhat enzymes from the citric acid cycle that are allosterically regulated by ATP and/or NADH? What enzymes from the citric acid cycle that allosterically regulated by NAD+?arrow_forward
- How does the yield of ATP from complete oxidation of onemolecule of glucose in muscle and brain differ from that in liver,heart, and kidney? What is the underlying reason for this difference?arrow_forwardHow many ATP molecules are generated from one complete metabolism of one molecule of maltose assuming all electrons of cytosolic NADH are transferred through the dihydroxyacetone phosphate/glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle?arrow_forwardTaking into consideration glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the citric acid cycle, how many substrate level phosphorylation events occur from a single molecule of glucose? 6 substrate level phosphorylation events 4 substrate level phosphorylation events 3 substrate level phosphorylation events 2 substrate level phosphorylation events None of the above answers are correctarrow_forward
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