A liquid delivery system is being designed such that ethylene glycol flows out of a hole in the bottom of a large tank, as in Fig. P7-100. The designers need to predict how long it will take for the ethylene glycol to completely drain. Since it would be very expensive to run tests with a full-scale prototype using ethylene glycol, they decide to build a one-quarter scale model for experimental testing, and they plan to use water as their test liquid. The model is geometrically similar to the prototype (Fig. P7-102). (a) The temperature of the ethylene glycol in the prototype tank is 60°C. at which
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Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
- The heat flux for stable film boiling on the outside of a horizontal cylinder or sphere of diameter D, in m, is given below. What should be the value of "n", for the equation above to be dimensionally consistent? Use dimensional analysis: q=heat flux, W m² W k = thermal conductivity of vapor, 'm °C hgf - [g kỷ Pv(P₁ − Pv)[hfg + 0.4 Cpv (Ts − Tsat)]] à = Cf MyD (Ts - Tsat) Pv = density of vapor, P₁ = density of liquid,- kg m³ kg 'm³ Cpv = enthalpy of vaporization, kg g = gravitatioinal acceleration, C = experimental constant, dimensionless m J kg °C Ts = surface temperature of the heater, °C Tsat = saturation temperature of vapor, °C kg Hv = viscosity of vapor, ms = specific hear of vapor, (Ts - Tsat)arrow_forwardThe wind flutter on the wing of a newly proposed jet fighter is given by the following 1st order differential equation: With the Boundary Condition: y(0) = 1 (remember this means that y = 1 when x = 0) Determine the vertical motion (y) in terms of the span (x) of the wing. The frequency of fluctuations of the wing at mach 2 is given by the non-homogenous 2nd order differential equation: With the boundary conditions: y(0) = 1 and y(1) = 0 (i.e., y = 1 when x = 0 and y = 0 when x = 1) By solving the homogenous form of this equation, complete the analysis and determine the amplitude (y) of vibration of the wing tip at mach 2. Critically evaluate wing flutter and fluctuation frequency amplitude determined by solving the two differential equations above.arrow_forwardHere are these questions if I could get help with themIf a spherical storage tank holds 40,000 gallons (120,000 liters) of water,what diameter must it have?If a cylindrical storage tank has a 40-foot (12 m) diameter circular 05::=how high must it be to hold 1 million gallons (3 million liters)?If water is moving at a rate of 3.2 ft3/sec (90,000 cc/sec), how manygallons (liters) per minute is this?If the specific gravity of gold is 19.0. what is the weight of a cubic inch(cubic centimeter) of gold? A cubic foot (cubic meter)?arrow_forward
- A liquid delivery system is being designed such that ethylene glycol flows out of a hole in the bottom of a large tank, as in Fig. P7–100. The designers need to predict how long it will take for the ethylene glycol to completely drain. Since it would be very expensive to run tests with a full-scale prototype using ethylene glycol, they decide to build a onequarter scale model for experimental testing, and they plan to use water as their test liquid. The model is geometrically similar to the prototype Fig. (a) The temperature of the ethylene glycol in the prototype tank is 60°C, at which ? = 4.75 × 10−6 m2/s. At what temperature should the water in the model experiment be set in order to ensure complete similarity between model and prototype? (b) The experiment is run with water at the proper temperature as calculated in part (a). It takes 4.12 min to drain the model tank. Predict how long it will take to drain the ethylene glycol from the prototype tank.arrow_forwardExample(1-13): steam and water flow through 75 mm inside diameter pipe at flow rate of 0.05 and 1.5 m³/s respectivily. If the mean temperature and pressure are 330 K and 120 kpa, what is the pressure drop per unit length of pipe. Where the pipe roughness 0.00015 mm, liquid and gas viscosities are 0.52x10³ pa.s and 0.0133x10-³ pa.s.arrow_forwardOne of the conditions in using the Bernoulli equation is the requirement of inviscid flow. However there is no fluid with zero viscosity in the world except some peculiar fluid at very low temperature. Bernoulli equation or inviscid flow theory is still a very important branch of fluid dynamics for the following reasons: (i) (ii) There is wide region of flow where the velocity gradient is zero and so the viscous effect does not manifest itself, such as in external flow past an un- stalled aerofoil. The conservation of useful energy allows the conversion of kinetic and potential energy to pressure and hence pressure force acting normal to the control volume or system boundary even though the tangential friction stress is absent. It allows the estimation of losses in internal pipe flow. (A) (i) and (ii) (B) (i) and (iii) (ii) and (iii) All of the above (C) (D)arrow_forward
- A- Womersley number (a) of a human aorta is 20 and for the rabbit aorta is 17, the blood density is approximately the same across the species. The values of viscosity were 0.0035 Ns/m² for the human and 0.0040 Ns/m² for the rabbit. The diameter of the aorta is 2.0 cm for the man, and 0.7 cm for the rabbit, estimate the heart rate beats per minute (bpm) for both speciesarrow_forwardIn fluid mechanics, which of the following are true: (a) Fluid mechanics is the branch of science concerned with stationary fluids (b) Fluids like water posses only potential energy (c) The field of fluid mechanics is infinite and endless (d) It is a branch of physics which concerns the study of liquids and the ways in which they interact with forces (e) It is a sience concerned with the response of fluids to forces exerted upon them, (f) the fluid which is in state of rest is called as static fluid and its study is called as statics.arrow_forwardIn CFD lingo, the stream function is often called a non-primitive variable, while velocity and pressure are called primitive variables. Why do you suppose this is the case?arrow_forward
- A small low-speed wind tunnel is designed to calibrate hot wires (anemometer wires) (Figure 2). The air temperature is 19 OC. The test section of the wind tunnel is 30 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height. The flow through the test section must be as uniform as possible. The speed range of the wind tunnel varies from 1 M/s to 8 M/S, and the design will be optimized with an airspeed of V= 4.0 M / s in the test section. For a flow state at a speed of 4.0 m/S, which is almost uniform at the entrance to the test section, how fast does the air velocity on the tunnel axis accelerate to the end of the test section?Note: kinematic viscosity of air at 19 C ν=1. 507x10-5 m2 / sarrow_forwardI need help calculating these values using the defined quantites: Fin using the given values (remember its units are m3/hour) the mass flux of water of the inlet stream E from the given values (make sure that it is in the correct units!) Vp= Volume of pond ** For this question, assume that Fin, Fout, and E do not change over time, and that Vp is at steady state Quantities: Pond geometry: r = 100 m; h = 8 m. cin = 0.5 g/m3 (constant over time); ci = 0.01 g/m3 Fin: The inlet stream can be approximated as rectangular in cross-section, with width w = 3 m and depth d = 1 m, and an average velocity uin = 0.5 m/s. E: The evaporation rate can be determined from the evaporative volume flux of 0.1 mm/hour.arrow_forwardAn engineer is to design a human powered submarine for a design competition. The overall length of the prototype submarine is 2.24 m and its engineer designers hope that it can travel fully submerged through water at 0.560 m/s. The water is freshwater (a lake) at 7-15°C (p=999.1 kg/m3 and u= 1.138 ×103 kg/m-st. The design team builds a one-eighth scale model to test in their university's wind tunnel. The air in the wind tunnel is at 25°C (p= 1.180 kg/m3 and u = 1.849 ×10-5 kg/m-s) and at one standard atmosphere pressure. At what air speed do they need to run the wind tunnel in order to achieve similarity?arrow_forward
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