Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 31CTQ
Glucose from digested food enters intestinal epithelial cells by active transport. Why would intestinal cells use active transport when most body cells use facilitated diffusion?
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Glucose diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers. The cells lining the small
intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their
glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably
functioning in the intestinal cells?
exоcytosis
simple diffusion
O phagocytosis
facilitated diffusion
active transport pumps
Movement of glucose from one side to the other side of the intestinal epithelium is a major example of transcellular transport. How does the Na+/K+ ATPase power the process? Why are tight junctions essential for the process? Why is localization of the transporters specifically in the apicalor basolateral membrane crucial for transcellular transport? Rehydration supplements such as sport drinks include a sugar and a salt. Why are both important to rehydration?
Which feature is typical of primary active transport?
The transport protein must cross to the correct side of the membrane before the solute can bind to it.
The transport protein is irreversibly phosphorylated as transport takes place.
The transport protein catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP.
The solute moves against the concentration gradient.
A concentration gradient provides the energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 5 - Figure 5.12 A doctor injects a patient with what...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.16 Injecting a potassium solution into a...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.19 If the pH outside the cell decreases,...Ch. 5 - Which plasma membrane component can be either...Ch. 5 - Which characteristic of a phospholipid contributes...Ch. 5 - What is the primary function of carbohydrates...Ch. 5 - A scientist compares the plasma membrane...Ch. 5 - Water moves via osmosis. throughout the cytoplasm...Ch. 5 - The principal force driving movement in diffusion...Ch. 5 - What problem is faced by organisms that live in...
Ch. 5 - In which situation would passive transport not use...Ch. 5 - Active transport must function continuously...Ch. 5 - How does the sodium-potassium pump make the...Ch. 5 - What is the combination of an electrical gradient...Ch. 5 - What happens to the membrane of a vesicle after...Ch. 5 - Which transport mechanism can bring whole cells...Ch. 5 - In what important way does receptor-mediated...Ch. 5 - Many viruses enter host cells through receptor-...Ch. 5 - Which of the following organelles relies on...Ch. 5 - Imagine a cell can perform exocytosis, but only...Ch. 5 - Why is it advantageous for the cell membrane to be...Ch. 5 - Why do phospholipids rend to spontaneously orient...Ch. 5 - How can a cell use an extracellular peripheral...Ch. 5 - Discuss why the following affect the rate of...Ch. 5 - Why does water move through a membrane?Ch. 5 - Both of the regular intravenous solutions...Ch. 5 - Describe two ways that decreasing temperature...Ch. 5 - A cell develops a mutation in its potassium...Ch. 5 - Where does the cell get energy for active...Ch. 5 - How does the sodium-potassium pump contribute to...Ch. 5 - Glucose from digested food enters intestinal...Ch. 5 - The sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX) transports...Ch. 5 - Why is it important that there are different types...Ch. 5 - Why do ions have a difficult time getting through...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Glucose is transported across the cell membrane of intestinal cells. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells? A facilitated diffusion B simple diffusion C osmosis D concentration gradientarrow_forwardThis graph shows facilitated diffusion of a compound across a cytoplasmic membrane and into a cell. As the external concentration of the compound is increased, the rate of uptake increases until it reaches a point where it slows and then begins to plateau. This is not the case with passive diffusion, where the rate of uptake continually increases as the solute concentration increases. Why does the rate of uptake slow and then eventually plateau with facilitated diffusion?arrow_forwardGlucose transport across cell membranes varies depending upon blood glucose levels. When glucose levels are high, glucose transport is accomplished via membrane transporters. When glucose concentrations are low, the transport of glucose across the membrane is dependent upon the sodium ion concentration. What types of transport is observed for glucose? A)simple diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] B)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] C)simple diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose] D)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose]arrow_forward
- What characteristics distinguish facilitated diffusion from active transport?arrow_forwardGlucose transporters are either open to the extracellular side or open to the intracellular side of the membrane but never both at the same time. True or False? Movement of an ion against or up its concentration gradient is exergonic. True or False? If an amino acid is transported into intestinal epithelial cells through a transporter that is able to concentrate the amino acid using a sodium ion moving down its gradient, this transporter is an example of primary active transport. True or False? The maximum gradient a primary active transporter can build has a potential energy which in magnitude is greater than or equal to the magnitude of the energy released by ATP hydrolysis. True or False?arrow_forwardWhy is ATP required for active transport?arrow_forward
- Facilitated diffusion is a lipid-mediated process. true falsearrow_forwardWhat do facilitated diffusion, primary active transport and secondary active transport have in common? a) their ability to transport molecules depends on a membrane protein b) they utilize energy in the form of ATP to move molecules c) they move small, lipophilic molecules across the membrane d) they can move molecules against a concentration gradientarrow_forwardGlucose (C6H12O6) exhibits which of the following membrane transport movements? it is able to cross the membrane by facilitated diffusion, because it is small, polar, and organic it is not able to cross the membrane by passive transport, because it is big, polar, and inorganic it is able cross the membrane by simple diffusion, because it is small, nonpolar, and inorganic it is not able to cross the membrane by active transport, because it is big, polar, and inorganic it is able to cross the membrane by active transport, because it is big, nonpolar, and organic 10. A red blood cell that displays a biconcave disc shape must be in which of the following solutions? hypertonic solution distilled water isotonic solution ocean water hypotonic solutionarrow_forward
- Which of the following words is missing in the following sentence: Glucose and galactose in the small intestine are taken up by epithelial cells through ______________ and carried to the interstitial fluid by ______________. a) co-transport; facilitated diffusion b) facilitated diffusion; co-transport c) co-transport; diffusion d) diffusion; facilitated diffusion e) diffusion; active transportarrow_forwardProteins are transported from the cytoplasm into the nucleus as well as mitochondria/chloroplasts. There is also a transport that goes via vesicles. Describe these three different transport systems and explain how the cell knows which protein will end up in the organal.arrow_forward1) You are studying a transport protein. It appears to bind temporarily to the molecule to be transported. During normal transport, no energy is expended. The addition of a particular molecule that closely resembles the normally transported molecule inhibits transport. An increase in the concentration of the normally transported molecule in the presence of a constant concentration of the inhibitor increases the rate of transport. What kind of transport is described? 2) What are peripheral membrane proteins?arrow_forward
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