Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 18RQ
Draw a large rectangle to represent the total body volume. Using the information in Figure 5.1b, divide the box proportionately into compartments to represent the different body compartments. Use the information in Figure 5.1d and add solutes to the compartments. Use large letters for solutes with higher concentrations and small letters for solutes with low concentrations. Label the cell membranes and the endothelial membrane.
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Severe vomiting and diarrhea cause a loss of water and solutes from extracellular fluids. If the person was given only water, what effect would this have on the solute concentration of the extracellular fluids? Would osmosis results in water entering or leaving cells?
When a person becomes dehydrated, the amount of water in extracellular fluids such as blood decreases, causing the solute concentration of these fluids to increase. State whether osmosis results in water entering or leaving cells.
Sodium concentration in extracellular fluid is:
potassium
< potassium
= potassium
undetectable
Chapter 5 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 5.1 - If the 58-kg Reference Woman has total body water...Ch. 5.1 - A mother brings her baby to the emergency room...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 6CCCh. 5.1 - Two compartments are separated by a membrane that...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 8CCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 9CCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 10CCCh. 5.3 - If the distance over which a molecule must diffuse...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 12CCCh. 5.3 - Which is more likely to cross a cell membrane by...
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 14CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 15CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 16CCCh. 5.4 - Positively charged ions are called _____, and...Ch. 5.4 - Name four functions of membrane proteins.Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 19CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 20CCCh. 5.4 - If a channel is lined with amino acids that have a...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 22CCCh. 5.4 - Liver cells (hepatocytes) are able to convert...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 24CCCh. 5.5 - What would you call a carrier that moves two...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 26CCCh. 5.5 - Prob. 27CCCh. 5.5 - Name the two membrane protein families associated...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 29CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 30CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 31CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 32CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 33CCCh. 5.7 - Prob. 34CCCh. 5 - Using what you learned about the naming...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Distinguish between active transport and passive...Ch. 5 - Which of the following processes are examples of...Ch. 5 - List four factors that increase the rate of...Ch. 5 - List the three physical methods by which materials...Ch. 5 - A cotransporter is a protein that moves more than...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7RQCh. 5 - Prob. 8RQCh. 5 - Prob. 9RQCh. 5 - What determines the osmolarity of a solution? In...Ch. 5 - Prob. 11RQCh. 5 - Prob. 12RQCh. 5 - Prob. 13RQCh. 5 - Prob. 14RQCh. 5 - The membrane potential at which the electrical...Ch. 5 - Prob. 16RQCh. 5 - Create a map of transport across cell membranes...Ch. 5 - Draw a large rectangle to represent the total body...Ch. 5 - What factors influence the rate of diffusion...Ch. 5 - Define the following terms and explain how they...Ch. 5 - Prob. 21RQCh. 5 - Prob. 22RQCh. 5 - Prob. 23RQCh. 5 - Prob. 24RQCh. 5 - Prob. 25RQCh. 5 - Prob. 26RQCh. 5 - The following terms have been applied to membrane...Ch. 5 - Prob. 28RQCh. 5 - NaCl is a nonpenetrating solute and urea is a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 30RQCh. 5 - Prob. 31RQCh. 5 - What is the osmolarity of half-normal saline (=...Ch. 5 - Prob. 33RQCh. 5 - Prob. 34RQ
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- a. The concentration of sodium ions is inside the cell . b. The concentration of potassium ions is inside the cell . c. The concentration of calcium ions is higher .arrow_forwardDescribe the difference between the rate of diffusion seen for sodium and urea. Select one: Urea diffused faster because it is smaller than sodium. Urea diffused more slowly because it is larger than sodium. Urea diffused more slowly because it is smaller than sodium. Urea diffused faster because it is larger than sodium.arrow_forwardIntracellular fluid _____________ includes fluid outside the cells includes fluid inside body cells has the same concentration as the extracellular fluid includes the interstitial fluid all the abovearrow_forward
- Give two examples of extra-cellular fluids.arrow_forwarddescribe the following body transports systems: Active (Primary) Passive (diffusion- simple, faciliated) Hydrostatic forces Osmotic forces osmosisarrow_forwardDescribe the difference between the rate of diffusion seen for sodium and urea. Select one: 1/Urea diffused faster because it is smaller than sodium. 2/Urea diffused more slowly because it is larger than sodium. 3/Urea diffused faster because it is larger than sodium. 4/Urea diffused more slowly because it is smaller than sodium.arrow_forward
- Make a chart comparing the composition of the intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid.arrow_forwardFor the following scenario you must draw the situation depicted, indicate which solution is hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic (as applicable), and then show with arrows which way water will move. Then you must write your response in complete sentences, thoroughly explaining and justifying your arrows. a. Ouch! Sore throat! It is so swollen that it is sore and it is difficult to swallow. And you have an oral presentation today. Better gargle with salt water to reduce the swelling! Explain why this age old technique really works, by using the concept of osmosis.arrow_forwardwhich of the following is a hypertonic solution (relative to body fluids)? Note: this can occur during a state of dehydration- 500mOsm, 100mOsm, or 300mOsm.arrow_forward
- for the following scenario, DRAW the situation depicted, INDICATE which solution is hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic (if applicable), and then show with ARROWS which way water will move. then write your response in complete sentences, thoroughly explaining and justifying your arrows. a. ouch! sore throat! it is so swollen that it is sore and it is difficult to swallow. and you have an oral presentation today. better gargle with salt water to reduce the swelling! explain why this age old technique really works, by using the concept of osmosisarrow_forwardWhich is the proper order of permeability the following solutes would show when it moves across a semi-permeable membrane? (from most permeable to least permeable) benzene, imidazole group of histidine, galactose, potassium ions galactose, potassium ions, imidazole group of histidine, benzene benzene, potassium ions, imidazole group of histidine, galactose potassium ions, galactose, benzene, imidazole group of histidinearrow_forwardWhich process—diffusion, osmosis, or filtration—is utilized in the following situations? a. Injection of a drug that is hypertonic to the tissues stimulates pain. b. The urea concentration in the dialyzing fluid of an artificial kidney is decreased.arrow_forward
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