The Essential Cosmic Perspective (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134446431
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 5VSC
Check your understanding of some of the many types of visual information used in astronomy. For additional practice, try the Chapter 4 Visual Quiz at MasteringAstronomy®.
The figure represents how the Moon causes tides on Earth; the diagram looks down from above the North Pole, so the numbers I through 4 label points along Earth’s equator.
5. The light blue region represents tidal bulges. In what way are these bulges drawn inaccurately?
a. There should be only one bulge rather than two.
b. They should be aligned with the Sun rather than the Moon.
c. They should be much smaller compared to Earth.
d. They should be more pointy in shape.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
between a planet and its moon.
Procedure/Analysis:
Go to: https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Interactives/Circular-and-Satellite-
Motion/Gravitational-Fields/Gravitational-Fields-Interactive
Use the program to answer the following questions.
1. A planet and its moon are shown in the simulation window. Click and drag the
moon to various positions about the planet and observe the gravitational force
vector. In the diagram below, draw a force vector (arrow with arrowhead) to
depict the direction and relative magnitude of the force acting upon the moon at
the designated locations. Note: the size of the arrow should be representative of
the strength of the force.
Include appropriate units in your final answer. Round off your final answer to two decimal places. Box your final answer.
Follow the given formulas
2. An electric fan is rotating at a constant 72,000 meters per hour, making one complete rotation in 0.17 seconds.
(a) What is the magnitude of the speed of the bug sitting on one of fan's blades? (b) What is the magnitude of
the acceleration of the bug sitting on one of fan's blades?
Johannes Kepler worked as an assistant to the observatory of Brahe at the age of 27.
Brahe collected astronomical observations, which were passed into Kepler, on his death.
Among the significant contributions of Brahe:
1. His observations on the planetary motion of Mars were used by later astronomers, including
Kepler to construct the present model of the solar system.
2. In 1572, he observed supernova as a star that appeared suddenly, became visible for 18
months before it faded from view. Nowadays, supernova is called an exploding star.
3. In 1577, he observed a comet by measuring its parallax. His claim contradicted the idea of
Aristotle that comets are "gases burning in the atmosphere." By measuring the parallax for
the comet, he was able to show that the comet was further away than the Moon.
4. His findings that stars do not have parallax, he concluded that either: (a). the earth was
motionless at the center of the universe; or (b). the stars were so far away that their parallax…
Chapter 4 Solutions
The Essential Cosmic Perspective (8th Edition)
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 4 - Check your understanding of some of the many types...Ch. 4 - Check your understanding of some of the many types...Ch. 4 - Check your understanding of some of the many types...Ch. 4 - Check your understanding of some of the many types...Ch. 4 - Define speed, velocity, and acceleration. What are...Ch. 4 - Define momentum and force. What do we mean when we...Ch. 4 - What is free-fall, and why does it make you...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 5EAP
Ch. 4 - Define kinetic energy, radiative energy, and...Ch. 4 - Define and distinguish temperature and thermal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8EAPCh. 4 - Summarize the universal law of gravitation both in...Ch. 4 - What is the difference between a bound and an...Ch. 4 - Under what conditions can we use Newton’s version...Ch. 4 - Explain why orbits cannot change spontaneously,...Ch. 4 - Explain how the Moon creates tides on Earth. Why...Ch. 4 - How do the tides vary with the phase of the Moon?...Ch. 4 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 4 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 4 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 4 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 4 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 4 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 4 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 4 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 4 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 4 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 4 - A car is accelerating when it is (a) traveling on...Ch. 4 - Compared to their values on Earth, on another...Ch. 4 - Which person is weightless? (a) a child in the air...Ch. 4 - Consider the statement “There’s no gravity in...Ch. 4 - To make a rocket turn left, you need to (a) fire...Ch. 4 - Compared to its angular momentum when it is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 31EAPCh. 4 - If Earth were twice as far from the Sun, the force...Ch. 4 - According to the law of universal gravitation,...Ch. 4 - If the Moon were closer to Earth, high tides would...Ch. 4 - Testing Gravity. Scientists are constantly trying...Ch. 4 - How Does the Table Know? Thinking deeply about...Ch. 4 - 37. Your Ultimate Energy Source. Roles: Scribe...Ch. 4 - Weightlessness. Astronauts are weightless when in...Ch. 4 - Einstein’s Famous Formula. a. What is the meaning...Ch. 4 - The Gravitational Law. a. How does quadrupling the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 41EAPCh. 4 - Head to Foot Tides. You and Earth attract each...Ch. 4 - Prob. 43EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 44EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 45EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 46EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 47EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 48EAPCh. 4 - Space Station. Visit a NASA site with pictures...Ch. 4 - Prob. 50EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 51EAP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Using MBH = 6.6 × 10 Mo, calculate the below. a. Find radius of the Schwarzschild sphere (Schwarzschild radius Rs). You can calculated from the appropriate formula or just use the fact that for an object of 1 solar mass Rs = 3 km. b. Express Rs in km, in AU, in parsecs. c. Using the distance to M87 and your result above, find angular radius of the SMBH (Schwarzschild radius). Express it in arcseconds (") and micro- arcseconds (pas) d. Take the radius of Pluto's orbit equal to 40 AU and find its angular size (in micro-arcseconds, pas) at the distance of M87.arrow_forwardM M 1. What is the gravitational potential energy of the mass (m) in the picture? The mass is the same distance awayr from the centers of both of the other masses, and both of the other masses have the same mass, M. Give your answer in Joules. r= 400 million meters m = 7x1022 kg M = 2x1027 kg 2. What is the net gravitational force for the mass m at this location? Give your answer in Newtons.arrow_forwardRead the questions comprehensively. Write your complete solution on the solution box and encircle or box the final answer. Don’t forget the SI unit.arrow_forward
- Describe the shape of Earth's orbit. Where is the Sun located within the orbit? Explain.arrow_forwardSuppose you're in a circular orbit around Saturn (M = 5.683 x 1026 kg) with a semi-major axis of a = 237,948 km. a. What is your orbital velocity? b. Using the "Vis-viva" equation (which can be derived from the total energy) v = GM What is the delta-V you would need to get from your current orbit, into an elliptical orbit that has an apoapsis near Titan (a = 1,221,870 km)?arrow_forwardResearch the decision to demote Pluto to dwarf planet status. In your opinion, is this a good example of the scientific process? Does it exhibit the hallmarks of science described in Chapter 3? Compare your conclusions to opinions you find about the debate, and describe how you think astronomers should handle this or similar debates in the future.arrow_forward
- m AGNITUDE SCALE nadto km or THE Q2: Use the fact that our closest neighboring star (Proxima Centauri) is at a distance of 4.24 1.y. and has a radius of about 98.1 × 10³ km to determine its angular diameter. (b.c 10 Col at its greatest brill! Id:stol s1802 to noiton srit of noitoubortal (i on hapitifunt od insup of hoes olsos A 14/49/phaigo odt pilhade fldgrante lize alter Brightes(sansin-boy) neglich beaten thun-Vaga) endoggi sonowies to note ballso aliso osis)arrow_forward1. If people on Earth were viewing a total lunar eclipse, what would you see from your home on the Moon? Draw a diagram. 2. Why were the main reasons why the idea that the Earth was at the center of the universe lasted so long? 3. Discuss in 2 paragraphs the observations made by Galileo that disproved Geocentrism. Which one do you think was the most important? 4. Write down a hypothesis and observational experiment to test one of Newton’s laws of motion. EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING! 5. One of the first exoplanets discovered orbits the star 51 Pegasi with a period of just 4.2 days. 51 Pegasi is very similar to the Sun. Use Kepler’s laws to find the distance (in astronomical units) between the planet (unofficially named Bellerophon) and its star. SHOW YOUR WORK! 6. How does halving the distance between two objects affect the gravitational force between them? 7. Suppose the Sun were somehow replaced by a star with five times as much mass. What would happen to the gravitational force between…arrow_forwardThis is Pre-Calc! Please help and Thank you! Please click the pics for the background info Directions: Answer questions 1-8 based on the information on Table 1. Round all answers to the nearest thousandth and label with the appropriate units. 1. According to Table 1, what is the closest distance between Earth and Mars? 2. According to Table 1, what is the farthest distance between Earth and Mars? 3. Based on your answers from #2 and #3, what is the average distance between the two planets? 4. Based on your answers from #2 and #3, what is the amplitude of the distances? 5. The distance has a period of 772 days. Write a sinusoidal equation relating the number of days and distance from Earth to Mars. 6. Based on the equation from #5, what is the distance between our planets on Mr. Schutt’s birthday (day 187)? 7. Write a sinusoidal equation relating the number of days and the one-waycommunication between Earth to Mars. 8. What is the one-way communication time delay between our planets on…arrow_forward
- Part B. 1. The table below shows the gravitational force between Saturn and some ring particles that are at different distance from the planet. All of the particles have a mass of 1 kg. Table 1. Distance and Gravitational Force Data Distance of 1- Gravitational kg Ring Particle from Force between Saturn and 1-kg ring particle (in | 10,000 N) 2. Use the data in the table to make a graph of the relationship between distance and gravitational force. Label your graph "Gravitational Force and distance". Center of Saturn (in | 1,000 km) 100 38 Hint: Put the data for distance on the horizontal axis and the data for gravitational force on the vertical axis. 120 26 130 22 150 17 3. Look at your graphed data, and record in your answering sheet any relationship you notice. 180 12 200 9. 220 8 250 280 O 5arrow_forward1. Planet A has an orbital period of 12 years and radius that is 0.033 times the radius of the star. Calculate the fractional dip of the star brightness in the case that planet A is transiting. Give the answer as a number. Quote the formula you use and explain any assumptions you have to make. 2. Planet B has an orbital period of 1 year and is located closer to its star than planet A. You succeed in detecting planet B with the radial velocity technique as well! From this measurement you calculate a minimum mass of planet B to be 75% that of the Earth. (a) Since you detect the planet with both transit method and radial velocity method, what do you know about the inclination of the planetary system? (b) Given this inclination, estimate the true mass of planet B (in units of Earth mass). You do not need to do a detailed calculation, just explain the argument. 3. You also measure the radius of planet B to be the same as Earth, one Earth radius. (a) How does the density of planet B compare…arrow_forwardUse Kepler's 3rd Law and the small angle approximation. a) An object is located in the solar system at a distance from the Sun equal to 41 AU's . What is the objects orbital period? b) An object seen in a telescope has an angular diameter equivalent to 41 (in units of arc seconds). What is its linear diameter if the object is 250 million km from you? Draw a labeled diagram of this situation.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics (14th Edition)PhysicsISBN:9780133969290Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. FreedmanPublisher:PEARSONIntroduction To Quantum MechanicsPhysicsISBN:9781107189638Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.Publisher:Cambridge University Press
- Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningLecture- Tutorials for Introductory AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9780321820464Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina BrissendenPublisher:Addison-WesleyCollege Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...PhysicsISBN:9780134609034Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart FieldPublisher:PEARSON
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics (14th Edition)
Physics
ISBN:9780133969290
Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher:PEARSON
Introduction To Quantum Mechanics
Physics
ISBN:9781107189638
Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.
Publisher:Cambridge University Press
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9780321820464
Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina Brissenden
Publisher:Addison-Wesley
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...
Physics
ISBN:9780134609034
Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart Field
Publisher:PEARSON
Time Dilation - Einstein's Theory Of Relativity Explained!; Author: Science ABC;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuD34tEpRFw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY