University Physics Volume 2
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168161
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 5CQ
In the text, we showed that if the Clausius statement is false, the Kelvin statement must also be false. Now show the reverse, such that if the Kelvin statement is false, it follows that Clausius statement is false.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
In the text, we showed that if the Clausius statement is false, the Kelvin statement must also be false. Now show the reverse, such that if the Kelvin statement is false, it follows that the Clausius statement is false.
Show that at higher temperatures T tends to infinity the Einstein heat capacity equation in agreement with Dulong-Petit Law
The Earth is spherical in shape and can be considered to be a perfect black body radiator at a temperature of 58 °C. Radius of Earth is 6360 km . (consider: Stefan's constant a = 5.67 x 10-8 W/m²T4) Calculate the total power radiated from the Earth in Watts
Chapter 4 Solutions
University Physics Volume 2
Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding What is the efficiency of...Ch. 4 - Check your Understanding Show that QhQh=QcQc for...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A Carnot engine operates...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A Carnot refrigerator...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding In Example 4.7, the...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A quantity of heat Q is...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding A 50-g copper piece at a...Ch. 4 - State an example of a process that occurs in...Ch. 4 - Explain in practical terms why efficiency is...Ch. 4 - If the refrigerator door is left what happens to...
Ch. 4 - Is it possible for the efficiency of a reversible...Ch. 4 - In the text, we showed that if the Clausius...Ch. 4 - Why don't we operate ocean liners by extracting...Ch. 4 - Discuss the practical advantages and disadvantages...Ch. 4 - The energy output of a heat pump is greater than...Ch. 4 - Speculate as to why nuclear power plants are less...Ch. 4 - An ideal gas goes from state (pi,vi,) to state...Ch. 4 - To increase the efficiency of a Carnot engine,...Ch. 4 - How could you design a Carnot engine with 100%...Ch. 4 - What type of processes occur in a Carnot cycle?Ch. 4 - Does the entropy increase for a Carnot engine for...Ch. 4 - Is it possible for a system to have an entropy...Ch. 4 - Are the entropy changes of the system in the...Ch. 4 - Discuss the entropy changes in the systems of...Ch. 4 - A tank contains 111.0 g chlorine gas l2), which is...Ch. 4 - A mole of ideal monatomic gas at 0 and 1.00 atm...Ch. 4 - A mole of an ideal gas at pressure 4.00 atm and...Ch. 4 - After a free expansion to quadruple its volume, a...Ch. 4 - An engine is found to have an efficiency of 0.40....Ch. 4 - In performing 100.0 J of work, an engine...Ch. 4 - An engine with an efficiency of 0.30 absorbs 500 J...Ch. 4 - It is found that an engine discharges 100.0 J...Ch. 4 - The temperature of the cold reservoir of the...Ch. 4 - An engine absorbs three times as much heat as it...Ch. 4 - A coal power plant consumes 100,000 kg of coal per...Ch. 4 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 4 - During one cycle, a refrigerator removes 500 J...Ch. 4 - If a refrigerator discards 80 J of heat per cycle...Ch. 4 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 4 - The temperature of the cold and hot reservoirs...Ch. 4 - Suppose a Carnot refrigerator operates between Tc...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operates between reservoirs at 600...Ch. 4 - A 500-W motor operates a Carnot refrigerator...Ch. 4 - Sketch a Carnot cycle on a temperature-volume...Ch. 4 - A Carnot heat pump operates between 0 and 20 ....Ch. 4 - An engine between heat reservoirs at 20 and 200 ...Ch. 4 - Suppose a Carnot engine can be operated between...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine is used to measure the temperature...Ch. 4 - What is the minimum work required of a...Ch. 4 - Two hundred joules of heat are removed from a heat...Ch. 4 - In an isothermal reversible expansion at 27 , an...Ch. 4 - An ideal gas at 300 K is compressed isothermally...Ch. 4 - What is the entropy change of 10 g of steam at 100...Ch. 4 - A metal is used to conduct heat between two...Ch. 4 - For the Carnot cycle of Figure 4.12, what is the...Ch. 4 - A 5.0-kg piece of lead at a temperature of 600 is...Ch. 4 - One mole of an ideal gas doubles its volume in a...Ch. 4 - One mole of an ideal monatomic gas is confined to...Ch. 4 - (a) A 5.0-kg rock at a temperature of 20 is...Ch. 4 - A copper rod of cross-sectional area 5.0 cm2 and...Ch. 4 - Fifty grams of water at 20 is heated until it...Ch. 4 - Fifty grams of water at 0 are changed into vapor...Ch. 4 - In an isochoric process, heat is added to 10 mol...Ch. 4 - Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into...Ch. 4 - Suppose that the temperature of the water in the...Ch. 4 - Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into...Ch. 4 - (a) Ten grams of H2O stats as ice at 0 . The ice...Ch. 4 - The Carnot cycle is represented by the...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operating between heat reservoirs...Ch. 4 - A monoatomic ideal gas (n moles) goes through a...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 0.60. When...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine performs 100 J of work while...Ch. 4 - A Carnot refrigerator exhausts heat to the air,...Ch. 4 - A 300-W heat pump operates between the ground,...Ch. 4 - An engineer must design a refrigerator that does...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine employs 1.5 mol of nitrogen gas as...Ch. 4 - A 5.0-kg wood block starts with an initial speed...Ch. 4 - A system consisting of 20.0 mol of a monoatomic...Ch. 4 - A glass beaker of mass 400 g contains 500 g of...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operates between 550 and 20 ...Ch. 4 - An ideal gas at temperature T is stored in the...Ch. 4 - A 0.50-kg piece of aluminum at 250 is dropped...Ch. 4 - Suppose 20 g of ice at 0 is added to 300 g of...Ch. 4 - A heat engine operates between two temperatures...Ch. 4 - A thermal engine produces 4 MJ of electrical...Ch. 4 - A coal power plant consumes 100,000 kg of coal per...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine operates in a Carnot cycle between...Ch. 4 - A Carnot engine working between two heat baths of...Ch. 4 - A Carnot cycle working between 100 and 30 is...Ch. 4 - (a) infinitesimal amount of heat is added...Ch. 4 - Using the result of the preceding problem, show...Ch. 4 - With the help of the two preceding problems, show...Ch. 4 - A cylinder contains 500 g of helium at 120 atm and...Ch. 4 - A diatomic ideal gas is brought from an initial...Ch. 4 - The gasoline internal combustion engine operates...Ch. 4 - An ideal diesel cycle is shown below. This cycle...Ch. 4 - Consider an ideal gas Joule cycle, also called the...Ch. 4 - Derive a formula for the coefficient of...Ch. 4 - Two moles of nitrogen gas, with =7/5 for ideal...Ch. 4 - A Carnot refrigerator, working between 0 and 30 ...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Youre the communications officer on a fast spaceship that takes 50 years in ship time to reach the Andromeda Ga...
Essential University Physics: Volume 2 (3rd Edition)
122. Occupants inside future donut-shaped rotating habitats in space will be pressed to their floors by rotatio...
Conceptual Physical Science (6th Edition)
What is the role of “loose” electrons in heat conductors?
Conceptual Physics (12th Edition)
(II) A beam of light is emitted 8.0cm beneath the surface of a liquid and strikes the surface 7.6 cm from the p...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
The rotational energy of the blade at 3500 rpm .
Physics (5th Edition)
TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF SECTION 21.5 Suppose that the line of charge in Fig. 21.24 (Example 21.10) had charg...
University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Find v* for N2 gas in air (a) on a cold day at T = 15°C and (b) on a hot day at T = 35°C.arrow_forward2-5. Suppose electrons obey the Boltzmann relation of Problem 1-3 in a cylindri- cally symmetric plasma column in which n(r) varies with a scale length A; that is, an/ar = -n/A. (a) Using E = -V$, find the radial electric field for given A. (b) For electrons, show that finite Larmor radius effects are large if ve is as large as vih. Specifically, show that r = 2A if vg =Vah- (c) Is (b) also true for ions? Hint: Do not use Poisson's equation.arrow_forwardIn this problem you will consider the balance of thermal energy radiated and absorbed by a person. Assume that the person is wearing only a skimpy bathing suit of negligible area. As a rough approximation, the area of a human body may be considered to be that of the sides of a cylinder length L = 2.0 m and circumference C = 0.8 m. For the Stefan-Boltzmann constant use o = 5.67 x 10-8 W/m2 /K4.arrow_forward
- The sun can be treated as a blackbody at 5780 K. Using EES (or other) software, calculate and plot the spectral blackbody emissive power Ebl of the sun versus wavelength in the range of 0.01 µm to 1000 µm. Discuss the results.arrow_forward......... In Maxwell Boltzman distribution, what is tne avorage kinetic energy mu)= Jmv°n(w)dv %3D S Using this result determine andarrow_forwardAssume you are a perfect blackbody at a temperature of T = 310 K. What is the rate, in watts, at which you radiate energy? (For the purposes of this problem, you may assume you are spherical.)arrow_forward
- (a) For a black body, the temperature and the wavelength of emission maximum, Amax, are related AT= T = ( 1 ) ²₂ by Wien's law, , where c₂ = hc/k. (i) Write a simplified Wien's law expression in a form of an equation of straight line, (i.e., y = mx + c). (ii) Identify an independent variable and the slope/gradient from (i) above. (iii) Values of Amax from a small pinhole in an electrically heated container were determined at a series of temperatures, and the results are given below. Draw a graph and deduce a value for Planck's constant. T(°C) 1000 Amax(nm) 2181 1500 1600 2000 1240 2500 1035 3000 878 3500 763arrow_forwardPlank's spectral energy density distribution is given as a function of frequency (v) and Temperature (T), 8Th 3 u (v) = C3 hv ект - 1] c is the speed of light constant, h is the Plank constant, and k is the Boltzmann constant. v at umax determines the color of the radiating blackbody. Find v at umax in the form of a multiple of T.arrow_forward. a) If the classical theory of specific heat were valid, what would be the thermal energy of one mole of Cu at the temperature T=0D? The Debye temperature for Cu is 340°K. b) Calculate the actual thermal energy according to the Debye theory (use Fig. 3.13), and compare with the classical value obtained above. (For the purpose of this calculation, you may approximate the Debye curve by a straight line joining the origin to the point on the Debye curve at T=0p.) c) What is the order of magnitude of the maximum displacement of a Cu atom at the Debye temperature? Compare this displacement with the interatomic distance. C., cal/g-mol - "K Cu, 343°K Ag. 226°K ■ Pb, 102°K x C, 1860°K 0.5 T/OD Fig. 3.13 Specific heats versus reduced temperature for four substances. Numbers refer to Debye temperatures. Note the high Debye temperature for diamond.arrow_forward
- Problem 2) Consider the following Maxwell Boltzmann distribution of molecular speeds: P(v) = 4( m 27kBT. mp² v²e 2kgT To calculate average values for say f(v) (function of v) one just integrates f(v) with P(v)dv from zero to infinity = P(v)f(v)dv, where signifies average of f(v). Of course, the distribution should be normalized: P(v)dv=1, (is a requirement for any probability distribution). a) Check the last equation. b) Calculate the average of v. c) Calculate the average of v². d) Calculate from c) the RMS value of the speed. e) Calculate the most probable value of v. f) Square the results of b, d and e and rank them from smallest to the largest value.arrow_forwardJ 6 Calculate the proportion of energy emitted by a black body radiator at T=5000 K in two bands of width 10 nm, once centered at 500 nm (visible light) and the other at 5000 nm (infrared light).arrow_forwardOshow That if The drstan ces are measur ed from the unit Planes, That fo cal lengTh of SYS hem is given by The reciero cal of The element of The system mabyi Xarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics (14th Edition)PhysicsISBN:9780133969290Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. FreedmanPublisher:PEARSONIntroduction To Quantum MechanicsPhysicsISBN:9781107189638Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.Publisher:Cambridge University Press
- Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningLecture- Tutorials for Introductory AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9780321820464Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina BrissendenPublisher:Addison-WesleyCollege Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...PhysicsISBN:9780134609034Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart FieldPublisher:PEARSON
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics (14th Edition)
Physics
ISBN:9780133969290
Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher:PEARSON
Introduction To Quantum Mechanics
Physics
ISBN:9781107189638
Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.
Publisher:Cambridge University Press
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9780321820464
Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina Brissenden
Publisher:Addison-Wesley
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...
Physics
ISBN:9780134609034
Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart Field
Publisher:PEARSON
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY