Modern Physics For Scientists And Engineers
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781938787751
Author: Taylor, John R. (john Robert), Zafiratos, Chris D., Dubson, Michael Andrew
Publisher: University Science Books,
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.21P
To determine
The order of maxima and spacing of crystal planes.
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An x-ray was used to examine a sample of chromium having a BCC crystal structure.Using x-rays having a wavelength of 0.1682 nm, a diffractometer is used. The distorting (010) aircraft is the plane. Chromium has an atomic radius of 0.125 nm.
A)Compute the interplanar spacing and Calculate the diffraction angle. Assume second-order of diffraction, n = 2.
First-order Bragg scattering from a certain crystal occurs at an angle of incidence of
63.8°; see figure below. The wavelength of the x-rays is 0.261nm. Assuming that the
scattering is from the dashed planes shown, find the unit cell size ao.
63.8°
X rays
Potassium chloride (KCI) has a set of crystal planes separated by a distance of d= 0.34 nm. At what glancing angle 0 to these planes would the first-order Bragg maximum occur for X-rays of wavelength 0.05 nm?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Modern Physics For Scientists And Engineers
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.5PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.6PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10P
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.11PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.15PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.16PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.19PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.20PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.22PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.23PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.30PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.31PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.32PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.33P
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- The first-order Bragg angle for a certain crystal is 12.1°. What is the second-order angle?arrow_forwardThe structure of the NaCl crystal forms reflecting planes 0.541 nm apart. What is the smallest angle, measured from these planes, at which X-ray diffraction can be observed, if X-rays of wavelength 0.085 nm are used?arrow_forwardAs a single crystal is rotated in an x-ray spectrometer (Fig. 3.22a), many parallel planes of atoms besides AA and BB produce strong diffracted beams. Two such planes are shown in Figure P3.38. (a) Determine geometrically the interplanar spacings d1 and d2 in terms of d0. (b) Find the angles (with respect to the surface plane AA) of the n = 1, 2, and 3 intensity maxima from planes with spacing d1. Let = 0.626 and d0 = 4.00 . Note that a given crystal structure (for example, cubic) has interplanar spacings with characteristic ratios, which produce characteristic diffraction patterns. In this way, measurement of the angular position of diffracted x-rays may be used to infer the crystal structure. Figure P3.38 Atomic planes in a cubic lattice.arrow_forward
- A thin crystalline layer has to be characterized in terms of lattice constant (roughly 0.56 nm, twice the atom’s distance). You try to apply the technique of x-ray diffraction based on the Kß-line of 42Mo (ignore any screening effects). At which diffraction angle(s) can we expect a signal?arrow_forward. (2.a) What energy or wavelength must they have if X-rays are to be used in diffractionexperiments for the purpose of characterizing crystal structure? Explain.(2.b) Why is Drude theory important for the metals? Explain this question in terms ofthe assumptions of Drude theory.(2.c) What characteristics must be the crystal structure of a solid have in order for opticmodes to exist? You can use schematic drawing in your answers with your explanations.(2.d) Which of the following types of order is present in a crystalline solid? (a) shortrange order (b) long range order or (c) both short- and long-range order?arrow_forwardIf the wavelength l of the Xrays is too large relative to the spacing of planes in the crystal, no Bragg diffraction will be seen because sin u would be larger than 1 in the Bragg equation, even for n 5 1. Calculate the longest wavelength of Xrays that can give Bragg diffraction from a set of planes separated by 4.20 Å.arrow_forward
- The first order diffraction peak of a crystalline solid occurs at a scattering angle of 30° when the diffraction pattern is recorded using an x-ray beam of wavelength 0.15 nm. If the error in measurements of the wavelength and the angle are 0.01 nm and 1° respectively, then the error in calculating the inter-planar spacing will approximately be (а) 1.1x107 пт (b) 1.3x10 пт (c) 2.5 x10 nm (d) 2.0x 10> птarrow_forwardQ1/ A/ Consider a resonator consisting of two concave spherical mirrors both with radius of curvature 4 m and separated by a distance of 1 m. Calculate the minimum beam diameter of the TEMy mode at the resonator center and on the mirrors when the laser oscillation is Art laser wavelength 2=514.5 nm. Then, Find if this cavity is stable or not. B/ One of the mirrors in A is replaced by a concave mirror of 1.5m radius of curvature, calculate the position of minimum beam radius. Then calculate the beam waist and radius of curvature at 150 cm from M1.arrow_forwardIn the figure, first-order reflection from the reflection planes shown occurs when an x-ray beam of wavelength 0.820 nm makes an angle θ = 62.3˚ with the top face of the crystal. What is the unit cell size a0?arrow_forward
- X ray diffraction in Potassium Chloride (KCl) results in a first order maximum when 97 pm wavelength X rays graze the crystal plane at 8.5 degrees. Find the spacing between crystal plane?arrow_forwardAt a wavelength 692 nm, the ordinary and extra-ordinary refractive indices in a uniaxial crystal are 1.558 and 1.611, respectively. If we make a thin disk of the material, with the optical axis parallel to the plane of the disk, what thickness of disk (in microns) would make a true zero-order quarter-wave plate?arrow_forwardA crystal sample of bacteriorhodopsin, a light-sensitive protein found in halobacteria that responds to light energy, has crystal planes separated by 0.20 nm. If a beam of 12keV x rays illuminates a sample, what angles will give diffraction maxima of the first, second and third order? Express your answers in degrees separated by commas in ascending order.arrow_forward
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