Concepts of Biology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168116
Author: Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 4, Problem 3ACQ
Figure 4.16 Tremetol, a metabolic poison found in white snake root plant, prevents the
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Nowhomewerkol is a poison derived from the Ahipa root that grows in the Andes. Alpacas eating this plant concentrate the poison in their milk. The poison inhibits liver enzymes that convert lactic acid to other compounds for metabolism. Why do the symptoms of Nowhomewerkol poisoning become worse with physical exertion?
Lactose is found in milk products. It is converted by the body into a usable form in a series of chemical
reactions. The diagram shows the series of reactions that convert lactose into a usable form.
Enzyme 1
Enzyme 2
Enzyme 3
Enzyme 4
galactose-
1-phosphate
Lactose
galactose
glucose-
1-phosphate
glucose-
6-phosphate
If enzyme 2 is denatured (destroyed), the levels of which substance will increase?
Choose A=if statement 1 and statement 2 are both true; B=if statement 1 is true but statement 2 is false; C=if
statement 1 is false but statement 2 is true; D=if statement 1 and statement 2 are both false
1. Transamination reaction involves conversion of amino acids to their respective alpha-ketoacids
2. In beta oxidation, 2 carbon units are progressively removed from the carboxyl end of the fatty acid
Select the correct response:
B
A
Chapter 4 Solutions
Concepts of Biology
Ch. 4 - Figure 4.6 Look at each of the processes shown and...Ch. 4 - Figure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase,...Ch. 4 - Figure 4.16 Tremetol, a metabolic poison found in...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not an example of an...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not true about enzymes?...Ch. 4 - Energy is stored long-term in the bonds of _____...Ch. 4 - The energy currency used by cells is _____. a. ATP...Ch. 4 - The glucose that enters the glycolysis pathway is...Ch. 4 - What do the electrons added to NAD do? a. They...Ch. 4 - Chemiosmosis involves a. the movement of electrons...
Ch. 4 - Which of the following fermentation methods can...Ch. 4 - The cholesterol synthesized by cells uses which...Ch. 4 - Beta oxidation is ______. a. the breakdown of...Ch. 4 - Does physical exercise to increase muscle mass...Ch. 4 - Explain in your own terms the difference between a...Ch. 4 - With regard to enzymes, why are vitamins and...Ch. 4 - Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms carry...Ch. 4 - We inhale oxygen when we breathe and exhale carbon...Ch. 4 - When muscle cells run out of oxygen, what happens...Ch. 4 - Would you describe metabolic pathways as...
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- The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most body cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following statements is correct? A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further towers blood glucose concentration. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn lowers blood glucose concentration. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn increases blood glucose concentration. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further increases blood glucose concentration. None of the preceding is correct.arrow_forwardAfter a meal that contains carbohydrates, blood glucose levels usually rise gradually as carbohydrates are digested and the resulting monosaccharides are absorbed into the bloodstream. Suppose you run a test on a human with no lactase production. You would provide a dose (e.g., 25 grams) of lactose and measure changes in blood glucose levels over the next three hours. Predict how blood glucose levels would change from fasting to three hours. Justify your response using the results from the above simulation.arrow_forwardThe human hormone insulin causes liver cells to increase the rate they convert glucose to glycogen for storage. Based on this information, which of the following might occur in a liver cell exposure to insulin? Choose only the best response based only information presented in this course. The amount of the enzyme converting glucose to glycogen might decrease. All of the other options could occur. The enzyme converting glucose to glycogen might be phosphorylated, thereby increasing its rate of activity. The amount of CAMP in the cell might decrease, activating protein kinase A.arrow_forward
- You are a researcher seeking to determine if an experimental drug can effectively treat hyperglycemia, a condition characterized by excess glucose in the blood, often associated with Type I diabetes. You select 24 hyperglycemia patients to study, and you give half of them a pill containing the drug you are testing and the other half a placebo (a pill that lacks the drug ingredient). After an evening of fasting, you measure the amount of glucose in their blood the next morning. Write the null and alternative hypotheses appropriate for your study. Which treatment is your control group, and why does your experimental design require a control group? Describe the structure of a carbohydrate, and what are the functions of carbohydrates in the body? What test that we have used before in lab could you use to measure the amount of glucose in their blood? Describe how you would use this test to measure the amounts of glucose in their blood serum samples. Identify the dependent variable…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? protein catabolism is the building of new protein anabolic steroids help build muscle tissue. anabolic processes build new protein catabolic steroids help breakdown muscle O protein catabolism is the breakdown of proteinarrow_forwardOne role of the pancreas is to help regulate blood glucose levels. Two types of cells in the pancreas, beta and alpha, serve as sensors to detect changes in blood glucose levels. High glucose levels cause beta cells to increase the amount of insulin given off by the pancreas. The insulin triggers body cells to take in glucose and the liver to store excess glucose as glycogen, decreasing the blood glucose level. On the other hand, low glucose blood levels trigger alpha cells to signal for glycogen to free up stored glucose from your liver, thus increasing the blood glucose level. (4 points) 1. What type of feedback mechanism is this, positive or negative? Explain your answer based on the description of the mechanism. Blood glucose levels change throughout the day. Explain what causes these changes and describe how these feedback cycles work together to maintain a dynamic homeostasis. III. Predict what will happen to this feedback mechanism and then to a person's body if the beta cells…arrow_forward
- Plants in the genus Ephedra have been harvested for their active substance ephedrine for centuries. Ephedrine is used to reduce the symptoms of bronchitis and asthma, as a stimulant and study aid, and as an appetite suppressant. It is also the main ingredient in the illegal production of methamphetamine. Since 2006, the sale of ephedrine and related substances has been limited and monitored in the United States. One effect of ingesting ephedrine is greatly increased metabolism, which has been known to kill users of ephedrine. How might an increased metabolic rate cause death?arrow_forwardThe stomach has two types of exocrine cells, chief cell which secrete an inactive form of the protein degesting enzymes pepsinogen, and parietal cells , which secrete hydrochloric acid that activates pepsinogen.Both cell types have an abundance of mitochondria ATP production.The chief cells need energy to synthesise pepsinogen and parietal cells need energy to transport hydrogen ions and chloride ions from the blood into the stomach lumen.Only one of this cell types has an extensive roung endoplasmic and abandant Golgi stacks. Would this be the chief cells or parietal cells?why?arrow_forwardThe carboxylase activity of RuBisCO catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide. Group of answer choices: True Falsearrow_forward
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