Modern Physics For Scientists And Engineers
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781938787751
Author: Taylor, John R. (john Robert), Zafiratos, Chris D., Dubson, Michael Andrew
Publisher: University Science Books,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 3, Problem 3.38P
To determine
The distance diffused by a Brownian particle in
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
“Diffusion” sounds slow—and over everyday distances it is—but on the scale of a cell it is very fast. The average instantaneous velocity of a particle in solution—that is, the velocity between its very frequent collisions—isv = (kT/m)½where k = 1.38 × 10–16 g cm2/K sec2, T = temperature in K (37°C is 310 K), and m = mass in g/molecule.Calculate the instantaneous velocity of a water molecule (molecular mass = 18 daltons), a glucose molecule (molecular mass = 180 daltons), and a myoglobin molecule (molecular mass = 15,000 daltons) at 37°C. Just for fun, convert these numbers into kilometers/hour. Before you do any calculations, you might try to guess whether the molecules are moving at a slow crawl (<1 km/hr), an easy walk (5 km/hr), or a record-setting sprint (40 km/hr)
A gas jet is composed of n molecules of mass m and velocity v. The jet is elastically reflected by a rigid surface, as shown in the figure. The modulus of the variation of the total jet moment is
A) mnv
b) mnv
c) mnv sen 30°
d) 2mnv sen 30°
e) mnv cos 30°
Question 6: Free energy minimization
Consider a theoretical system in which the particles interact so that the internal energy depends on volume as
U = nRT + n², where A = 1.31e+01 J m³/mole² is a very small repulsive interaction between the
particles and S = nRln V.
Using minimization of free energy with respect to the volume, find the external pressure if the
equilibrium volume is 1.64e-02 m³, the number of particles is 3.04e+00 moles, and the temperature is
2.30e+02 K
(a) 3.55e+05 Pa
(b) -9.54e+04 Pa
(c) 3.62e+05 Pa
(d) 3.48e+05 Pa
(e) 8.05e+05 Pa ✓
✓ 100%
This question is complete and cannot be answered again.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Modern Physics For Scientists And Engineers
Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.1PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.2PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.3PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.4PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.5PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.6PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.7PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.8PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.9PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.10P
Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.11PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.12PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.13PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.14PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.15PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.16PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.17PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.18PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.19PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.20PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.21PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.22PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.23PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.24PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.25PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.26PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.27PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.28PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.29PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.30PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.31PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.32PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.33PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.34PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.35PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.36PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.37PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.38PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.39PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.40PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.41PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.42PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.43PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.44PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.45PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.46PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.47PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.48PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.49PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.50PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.51P
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- You are on an interstellar mission from the Earth to the 8.7 light-years distant star Sirius. Yourspaceship can travel with 70% the speed of light and has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of6 m at the front surface and a length of 25 m. You have to cross the interstellar medium with anapproximated density of 1 hydrogen atom/m3.(a) Calculate the time it takes your spaceship to reach Sirius.(b) Determine the mass of interstellar gas that collides with your spaceship during the mission.arrow_forwardYou are on an interstellar mission from the Earth to the 8.7 light-years distant star Sirius. Yourspaceship can travel with 70% the speed of light and has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of6 m at the front surface and a length of 25 m. You have to cross the interstellar medium with anapproximated density of 1 hydrogen atom/m3.(a) Calculate the time it takes your spaceship to reach Sirius.(b) Determine the mass of interstellar gas that collides with your spaceship during the mission.Note: Use 1.673 × 10−27 kg as proton mass. Because you are moving with an enormous speed, your mission from the previous problem will be influenced by the effects of time dilation described by special relativity: Your spaceshiplaunches in June 2020 and returns back to Earth directly aer arriving at Sirius.(a) How many years will have passed from your perspective?(b) At which Earth date (year and month) will you arrive back to Earth?arrow_forwardx = x₁ + vot + 1²/1at², v = v₁ + at, (v²) = (v₂)² + 2a^x, (νο)2 2 1 Ax = (0+¹) At, Atrapezoid = (₁+²) h, Atriangle = bh 2 2 Introduction to the Problem On December 8, 2005 Southwest Airlines flight 1248, a Boeing 737-700 class jet with 103 persons aboard, attempted to land on a snow-covered runway at Chicago's Midway Airport. Tragically, the attempt resulted in the death of a child on the ground, as the plane slid far enough beyond the runway to leave airport property and collide with a car (in which the child was a passenger) on the road beyond. Both the analysis and prevention of accidents such as this rely on the kinematics of one-dimensional motion. In this problem we will examine how the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) arrived at the conclusion that "the probable cause of a fatal runway overrun...was the pilots' failure to use available reverse thrust in a timely manner to safely slow or stop the airplane after landing." (NTSB press release SB-07-48). The NTSB report…arrow_forward
- What is the Vrms of Hydrogen atom (mass = 1.674 x 10^-27 kg/atom) at 300 K. 5.5 x 10^3 m/s O 1.2 x 10^3 m/s 3.1 x 10^3 m/s O 2.7 x 10^3 m/sarrow_forwardIn interstellar space it is estimated that atomic hydrogen exists at a concentration of one particle per cubic meter. If the collision diameter is 2.5 x 10-10 m, calculate the mean free path 2. The temperature of interstellar space is 2.7 K.arrow_forwardA white dwarf star is essentially a degenerate electron gas, with a bunch of nuclei mixed in to balance the charge and to provide the gravitational attraction that holds the star together. In this problem you will derive a relation between the mass and the radius of a white dwarf star, modeling the star as a uniform-density sphere. White dwarf stars tend to be extremely hot by our standards; nevertheless, it is an excellent approximation in this problem to set T = O. The equilibrium radius of the white dwarf is that which minimizes the total energy Ugrav + Ukinetic. Sketch the total energy as a function of R, and find a formula for the equilibrium radius in terms of the mass. As the mass increases, does the radius increase or decrease? Does this make sense?arrow_forward
- Assume a hydrogen atom is a sphere with diameter 0.100 nm and a hydrogen molecule consists of two such spheres in contact. (a) What fraction of the space in a tank of hydrogen gas at 08C and 1.00 atm is occupied by the hydrogen molecules themselves? (b) What fraction of the space within one hydrogen atom is occupied by its nucleus, of radius 1.20 fmarrow_forwardTwo samples of gas are separated in two rectangular 3.00-L chambers by a thin metal wall. One sample is pure helium and the other is pure radon. Both samples are at 27°C and show a pressure of 3.90 x 10 atm. Assuming that the metal wall separating the gases suddenly develops a circular hole of radius 4.00 x 10- m. calculate the pressure in each chamber after 13.0 h have passed. Consider that each gas molecule reaching the hole goes into other chamber and never return back to the side in which it initially began. Pressure in He-chamber atm Pressure in Rn-chamber = atmarrow_forward(a) Suppose that liquid hydrogen is roughly the same density as water, i.e. 1 g cm-³. Estimate the mean separation of hydrogen atoms in this state.arrow_forward
- You are on an interstellar mission from the Earth to the 8.7 light-years distant star Sirius. Your spaceship can travel with 70% the speed of light and has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 6 m at the front surface and a length of 25 m. You have to cross the interstellar medium with anapproximated density of 1 hydrogen atom/m3.(a) Calculate the time it takes your spaceship to reach Sirius.(b) Determine the mass of interstellar gas that collides with your spaceship during the mission.Because you are moving at an enormous speed, your mission from the previous will be influenced by the effects of time dilation described by special relativity: Your spaceshiplaunches in June 2020 and returns back to Earth directly after arriving at Sirius. (c) How many years will have passed from your perspective?(d) At which Earth date (year and month) will you arrive back to Earth?arrow_forwardProblem 2) Consider the following Maxwell Boltzmann distribution of molecular speeds: P(v) = 4( m 27kBT. mp² v²e 2kgT To calculate average values for say f(v) (function of v) one just integrates f(v) with P(v)dv from zero to infinity = P(v)f(v)dv, where signifies average of f(v). Of course, the distribution should be normalized: P(v)dv=1, (is a requirement for any probability distribution). a) Check the last equation. b) Calculate the average of v. c) Calculate the average of v². d) Calculate from c) the RMS value of the speed. e) Calculate the most probable value of v. f) Square the results of b, d and e and rank them from smallest to the largest value.arrow_forwardFind the number of electrons, and of each species of quark, in 6.9 L of water. (Consider only ordinary water molecules, which are composed of 2 atoms of 1 1 H and an atom of 16 8 O, with molecular mass of 18.0 g/mol.) electron up quarks down quarksarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics (14th Edition)PhysicsISBN:9780133969290Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. FreedmanPublisher:PEARSONIntroduction To Quantum MechanicsPhysicsISBN:9781107189638Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.Publisher:Cambridge University Press
- Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningLecture- Tutorials for Introductory AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9780321820464Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina BrissendenPublisher:Addison-WesleyCollege Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...PhysicsISBN:9780134609034Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart FieldPublisher:PEARSON
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics (14th Edition)
Physics
ISBN:9780133969290
Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher:PEARSON
Introduction To Quantum Mechanics
Physics
ISBN:9781107189638
Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.
Publisher:Cambridge University Press
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9780321820464
Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina Brissenden
Publisher:Addison-Wesley
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...
Physics
ISBN:9780134609034
Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart Field
Publisher:PEARSON