Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement “CoA-SH is a reactant” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.
The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH2, and NADH are produced in this reaction.
The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement “a molecule of ADP is produced” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.
The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH2, and NADH are produced in this reaction.
The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) provides energy to carry out the
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement “the site for the process is the outer mitochondrial membrane” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.
The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH2, and NADH are produced in this reaction.
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement “two ATP molecules are consumed”is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.
The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH2, and NADH are produced in this reaction.
The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.
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