CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780136538820
Author: Taylor
Publisher: INTER PEAR
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Chapter 24, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
To determine: The cells that are recognized by the helper T cells and the cytotoxic T cells.
Introduction:
The immune system of the human body is divided into two main branches, namely the innate immunity and the adaptive immunity. Innate or body’s first defense mechanism is present since birth and this defense mechanism are non-specific, which means it acts as a barrier in for every foreign body irrespective of its structure. Adaptive immunity of the body comes in later stages, when the body is introduced to pathogens. It is a specific type of defense mechanism.
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Contrast the specific functions of helper T cells, suppressorT cells, and cytotoxic T cells.
List 3 things that helper T cells do:
b) Figure 14 shows a part of acquired immune response.
Pathogen
P
Antigen
fragments
MHC
Antigen
гесeptor.
CD4
Helper T cell
Activated
helper T cell
Figure 14
i) Describe the above process.
II) Why do O and P have different pathways for antigen processing although the same
antigen is identified?
iii) What are the effects on P when activated helper T cell releases Q7
Chapter 24 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
Ch. 24 - Complete this concept map to summarize the key...Ch. 24 - Foreign molecules that elicit an immune response...Ch. 24 - Which of the following is not part of the...Ch. 24 - Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 24 - Which of the following statements is not true? a....
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- How do B and T cells differ with respect to antigens that they bind?arrow_forwardMatch the immune cell with its main function. ___dendritic cell a. professional phagocyte ___B cell b. antigen-presenter ___helper T cell c. activates other lymphocytes ___NK cell d. makes antibodies ___macrophage e. kills ailing body cells that lack MHC markersarrow_forwardIf a series of genetic mutations prevented some, but not all, of the complement proteins from binding antibodies or pathogens, would the entire complement system be compromised?arrow_forward
- Why are helper T cells sometimes called CD4 or T4 cells?Why are cytotoxic T cells sometimes called CD8 or T8 cells?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a T-cell-dependent and T-cell- independent response?arrow_forwardDescribe the differences in how an antigen presenting cells (APC) activate a Helper T versus a Cytotoxic T cell.arrow_forward
- Which two events are required to activate a cytotoxic T cell? There is more than one answer. O Class II MHC molecules present extracellular antigen for binding on a complementary cytotoxic T cell receptor. O IL-4 is released by a TH1 cell to be bound by a cytotoxic T cell. O Class I MHC molecules presents intracellular antigen for binding on a complementary cytotoxic T cell receptor O IL-2 is released by a TH1 cell to be bound by a cytotoxic T cell.arrow_forwardMany cells in the human body have proteins on the surface that are able to interact with the receptors of helper T cells. Explain the mechanisms and why it is that such an interaction or signal does not usually result in an autoimmune reaction?arrow_forwardWhat is the purpose of T-cell secretion of cytokines?arrow_forward
- List the subclasses of T-helper cells and state the type(s) of the pathogen(s) targeted by each?arrow_forwardPut the following steps in order for cell-mediated immunereactions:(a) Differentiated T cells include T helper, delayed hyper-sensitivity, cytotoxic, and memory T cells that all havedifferent immunological functions depending on the an-tigen presented.(b) Antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendriticcells) phagocytize pathogens, ingesting and degradingthem into pieces which are transported to the surface ofthe cell.(c) T cells bearing the corresponding receptor for the pre-sented antigen bind to it and become activated only ifthe appropriate MHC is also present.(d) Some pieces of the pathogen’s antigens are processedby inserting them into the antigen-presenting cell’smembrane and are held in place by class II majorhistocompatibility complex (MHCII) proteins.(e) Activated T cells are stimulated to divide and differen-tiate into different types of T cells, including memorycellsarrow_forwardcontrast cytotoxic T cells and NK cellsarrow_forward
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