BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260670929
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 23, Problem 13WIO
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The reaction of an eye's pupil when a person enters the sunshine from a dark room.
Introduction:
Feedback is the pathway, which generates a response against the initial stimuli. This can be positive feedback or negative feedback.
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The way in which the opposing reaction of an individual’s eye illustrates the mechanism of negative feedback.
Introduction:
Negative feedback helps in stabilizing a particular system by the activation of the response of the body. It is a type of output of a particular system.
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When a person blinks, the part of the brain that interprets visual stimulation is suppressed. The spontaneous act of blinking is controlled by the area of the brain that controls involuntary movements such as breathing and blood pressure. To determine whether the lack of light or the act of blinking causes the suppression, scientists had subjects close their eyes and then placed a bright flashing light in their mouth to stimulate the photoreceptors in the eyes through the palate. Visual stimulation was still suppressed. So the photoreceptors in the retina were not stimulated even though they were exposed to light. This study demonstrated that when a person blinks, it is the act of blinking and not the absence of light that causes the suppression of visual stimulation.
In the diagram above, identify the part of the brain that is suppressed during blinking and the part of the brain that controls involuntary, spontaneous blinking.
Select one:
a. 3 and 8
b. 2 and 9
c. 5 and 6
d. 1…
Match the following statements to the type of cell in the eye each describes (rods or
cones). Select "Both" if the statement is true of both cell types.
Rods
Directly detects light coming into
the eye.
Different types of this cell
Cones
respond to different wavelengths
(colors) of light.
More sensitive to low levels of
light.
Rods
Found in high concentrations at
the fovea centralis.
Cones
<
<
Which is the correct order of passing information of light stimuli among cells in the
retina?
ganglion cell bipolar cells → photoreceptor
photoreceptor amacrine cells ganglion cell
horizontal cell photoreceptor ganglion cell
photoreceptor → bipolar cells → ganglion cell
Chapter 23 Solutions
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1MCCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 23.2 - If you were given a microscope slide with a slice...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 23.3 - Which organ systems contribute to each of the five...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 23.4 - Use figure 23.7 to explain which materials enter...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 23.5 - Describe the difference between endotherms and...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 2MC
Ch. 23 - Which of the following represents the correct...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 23 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 23 - Blood differs from other types of connective...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 23 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 23 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 23 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 23 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 23 - Distinguish between the following pairs of terms....Ch. 23 - Where do epithelial tissues occur, and how are...Ch. 23 - List and describe six types of connective tissue.Ch. 23 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 23 - Prob. 5WIOCh. 23 - Use the Internet to research cosmetic surgery....Ch. 23 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 23 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 23 - Make a chart that compares and contrasts the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10WIOCh. 23 - Prob. 11WIOCh. 23 - Prob. 12WIOCh. 23 - Prob. 13WIOCh. 23 - Prob. 14WIOCh. 23 - Would an alligator require more, less, or the same...Ch. 23 - Prob. 16WIOCh. 23 - Prob. 17WIOCh. 23 - Prob. 1SLCh. 23 - Prob. 1PITCh. 23 - Prob. 2PITCh. 23 - Prob. 3PIT
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- A scientist has dissected out a small section of the retina and is able to directly record the action potential firing rate in a single ganglion cell. Assume there is a on-center off-surround bipolar cell connected to an on-center off-surround ganglion cell. When applying ‘Stimulus 1’ the scientist records a moderate action potential rate. When applying ‘Stimulus 2’ the rate of action potentials increases substantially. In the context of this experiment no illumination is an option as a 'Stimulus'. ‘Stimulus 2’ would result in what response in the bipolar cell (the one connected to the ganglion cell the scientist is measuring)? A. A large depolarization of the bipolar cell membrane   B. The bipolar cell membrane would remain at the resting membrane potential   C. A large hyperpolarization of the bipolar cell membrane   D. A small hyperpolarization of the bipolar cell membrane   E. A small depolarization of the bipolar cell membranearrow_forwardPotassium channels opens, allowing potassium ions to move out. Some sodium channels open in the dendrite. All ion channels close and the Na+/K+ exchange pump starts working. Sodium ions diffuse toward a node of Ranvier. Lights hit the retina. The threshold level is reached at the node of Ranvier. Many sodium channels open in the axon membrane, allowing sodium ions to move in. List, in order, the events in visual perception that must occur for a person to see an object.arrow_forwardPut the following steps in order for transduction for vision. Question options:  PDE breaks down cyclic GMP  Photon is absorbed by discs  the photoreceptor hyperpolarizes  Sodium channels are inactivated and the dark current stops  Opsin is activated  Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is activated   Transducin is activatedarrow_forward
- Classify statements about the eye as true or false. True The iris regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. The cornea is a transparent covering over the eye. The fovea is the part of the eye where you have the sharpest, most distinct vision. The image formed in the eye is upright. False Adjustments in focus are collectively called accommodation and are made by the ciliary muscle. The fovea is the opening through which light enters the eye. The image seen by the eye should be focused on the pupil Information leaves the eye through the ciliary muscle.arrow_forwardIf I shine a light in only one of your eyes, making sure not to get any light in the other eye, both eyes would constrict their pupils. Even if an eye does not receive stimulus, it can have a contralateral response. Explain why.arrow_forwardWhen a single photon from a source of light hits the retina in the eye, it triggers a signal that travels along the optic nerve to the occipital lobe of the brain. The interaction of a photon with the photoreceptors in the retina first causes the movement of sodium ions into a sensory neuron. What happens after the movement of sodium ions? Select one: a. Sodium ions move out of a sensory neuron. b. Potassium ions move out of a sensory neuron. c. Sodium ions move into an interneuron. d. Potassium ions move into an interneuron.arrow_forward
- What is the function of the highlighted portion? Refract light Processes color Creates an action potential Creates 3D perceptionarrow_forwardWhich part of the human eye conveys the electrical signals generated by the light sensitive cells of the retina, on the brain?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of the process of transduction? Taste acceptance and rejection are processed in the hindbrain, while emotional reactions to taste are processed in forebrain. Different qualities of taste (sweet, salt, sour, bitter) activate different receptor cells in the taste buds. O A photon of light strikes a photopigment in a rod cell, changing the photopigment, which causes the close of ion channels, which reduces the rod's output of neurotransmitter. Molecules of alcohol evaporate from the surface of a liquid and get into your nasal passages.arrow_forward
- how does visual transduction occur in rods? Select one: a. By inhibition: light bleaches the rhodopsin molecules, which closes sodium channels. This hyperpolarizes the rods and increases GABA release. b. By excitation: light inhibits rhodopsin molecules, which blocks sodium ion influx. This depolarizes the rods and causes glutamate release. c. By inhibition: light bleaches rhodopsin molecules, which closes sodium channels. This hyperpolarizes the rods and reduces glutamate release. d. By excitation: light activates rhodopsin molecules, which opens sodium channels. This depolarizes the rods and causes glutamate releasearrow_forwardSelect all of the statements that are true about gustation: The papillae on the tongue are the receptor cells for taste molecule stimuli. Salt and sour taste stimuli sense Na+ ions and H+ ions respectively. In order for sweet tastes to be sensed, the taste molecule must first bind to a protein receptor in a taste bud. The gustatory pathway for the processing of taste stimuli are relayed to the thalamus, and then to the gustatory cortex for processing by the brain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following defines a rod cell of the human eye?  Opening through which light enters the eye  Ring of smooth muscle that adjusts how much light enters the eye  A photoreceptor active in dim light that provides a coarse perception of an image and detects motion  A photoreceptor that provides sharp vision and allows detection of colorarrow_forward
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