Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337571357
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 22, Problem 60P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The location of the enzymes that are both stable and active at
Concept Introduction:
Enzymes are the
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Consider the fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase reaction. Calculate the free energy change if the ratio of the concentrations of the products to the concentrations of the
reactants is 23.1 and the temperature is 37.0 °C?
AG' for the reaction is –16.7 kJ/mol.
AG =
kJ/mol
4. The reaction shown below is part of the glycolytic pathway. The standard free energy change
for this reaction is +0.4 kcal/mol.
Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) €→ Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P)
C) Steady-state concentrations of these compounds in the cell (at 25°C) are 0.675 mM G6P and 0.0969
mM F6P. In which direction is this reaction allowed to proceed in the cell? (show calculations)
Many metabolites are maintained at steady-state concentrations that are far from equilibrium. A comparison of Keg and Q, the
mass-action ratio, can determine whether a metabolic reaction is far from equilibrium.
The equation for this equilibrium is,
fructose 6-phosphate + ATP = fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP
Calculate Keg for this reaction at T = 25.0 °C.
AG' = -14.2 kJ/mol
Keg =
Calculate the mass-action ratio, Q, from the approximate physiological concentrations for rat heart tissue shown in the table.
Metabolite
Concentration (µM)
fructose 6-phosphate
82.0
Q =
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
31.0
АТР
12,900
ADP
1,390
Chapter 22 Solutions
Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 22.1QCCh. 22.2 - Prob. 22.2QCCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.3QCCh. 22.4 - Which of the following is true regarding enzymes?...Ch. 22.5 - Match the description of the enzyme process with...Ch. 22 - What is the difference between a catalyst and an...Ch. 22 - What are ribozymes made of?Ch. 22 - Would a lipase hydrolyze two triglycerides, one...Ch. 22 - Compare the activation energy in uncatalyzed...Ch. 22 - Prob. 5P
Ch. 22 - Prob. 6PCh. 22 - Prob. 7PCh. 22 - Monoamine oxidases are important enzymes in brain...Ch. 22 - Prob. 9PCh. 22 - 0 What kind of reaction does each of the following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 11PCh. 22 - In most enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the rate of...Ch. 22 - 5 At a very low concentration of a certain...Ch. 22 - 6 If we wish to double the rate of an...Ch. 22 - 7 A bacterial enzyme has the following...Ch. 22 - 8 The optimal temperature for the action of...Ch. 22 - 9 The activity of pepsin was measured at various...Ch. 22 - Prob. 18PCh. 22 - Prob. 19PCh. 22 - Prob. 20PCh. 22 - Prob. 21PCh. 22 - 4 What kind of chemical reaction occurs most...Ch. 22 - 5 Which of the following is a correct statement...Ch. 22 - Prob. 24PCh. 22 - 7 Enzymes are long protein chains, usually...Ch. 22 - Prob. 26PCh. 22 - Prob. 27PCh. 22 - 0 Can the product of a reaction that is part of a...Ch. 22 - 1 What is the difference between a zymogen and a...Ch. 22 - 2 The enzyme trypsin is synthesized by the body in...Ch. 22 - Prob. 31PCh. 22 - Prob. 32PCh. 22 - Prob. 33PCh. 22 - Prob. 34PCh. 22 - Prob. 35PCh. 22 - Prob. 36PCh. 22 - Prob. 37PCh. 22 - Prob. 38PCh. 22 - 1 After a heart attack, the levels of certain...Ch. 22 - Prob. 40PCh. 22 - Prob. 41PCh. 22 - Prob. 42PCh. 22 - 5 Chemists who have been exposed for years to or...Ch. 22 - 6 Which enzyme preparation is given to patients...Ch. 22 - 7 Chymotrypsm is secreted by the pancreas and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 46PCh. 22 - Prob. 47PCh. 22 - Prob. 48PCh. 22 - Prob. 49PCh. 22 - Prob. 50PCh. 22 - Prob. 51PCh. 22 - Prob. 52PCh. 22 - Prob. 53PCh. 22 - Prob. 54PCh. 22 - Prob. 55PCh. 22 - Prob. 56PCh. 22 - Prob. 57PCh. 22 - Prob. 58PCh. 22 - Prob. 59PCh. 22 - Prob. 60PCh. 22 - 1 Food can be preserved by inactivation of enzymes...Ch. 22 - Prob. 62PCh. 22 - 3 Would you expect to find active digestive...Ch. 22 - Prob. 64PCh. 22 - Prob. 65PCh. 22 - Prob. 66PCh. 22 - 7 An enzyme has the following pH dependence: At...Ch. 22 - Prob. 68PCh. 22 - Prob. 69PCh. 22 - 0 Nerve gases operate by forming covalent bonds at...Ch. 22 - 1 What would be the appropriate name for an enzyme...Ch. 22 - Prob. 72PCh. 22 - 3 A liver enzyme is made of four subunits: 2A and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 74PCh. 22 - Prob. 75PCh. 22 - Prob. 76PCh. 22 - Prob. 77PCh. 22 - Prob. 78PCh. 22 - Prob. 79PCh. 22 - Prob. 80PCh. 22 - Prob. 81P
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How and why can virtually all organisms-plants, animals, and bacteria- use the exact same energy molecule, ATP?arrow_forwardCells use the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a source of energy. The conversion of ATP to ADP has a standard free-energy change of -30.5 kJ>mol. If all the free energy from the metabolism of glucose, C6H12O61s2 + 6 O21g2 ¡ 6 CO21g2 + 6 H2O1l2 goes into the conversion of ADP to ATP, how many moles of ATP can be produced for each mole of glucose?arrow_forwardAconitase catalyzes the conversion of Citrate to Isocitrate in the TCA cycle. The standard free energy change (∆G0’) for this reaction is +6.7 kJ/mol. The observed free energy change (∆G) for the reaction in pig heart mitochondria is +0.8 kJ/mol. The ratio of [isocitrate]/[citrate] in these mitochondria is: a. 10 b. 1 c. 100 d. 0.01 e. 3 f. 0.33 g. 0.10 h. 0.25 i. 2arrow_forward
- Consider the following reaction: fructose-6-phosphate glucose-6-phosphate. At equilibrium, the concentrations are 300mM fructose-6-phosphate and 600mM glucose-6-phosphate. What is deltaG¹⁰ for the reaction? (Use the rounded number for the Gas constant: R=8 J/molk) a. -15936 J/mol b.-1652 J/mol O c. 1652 J/mol O d. 15936 J/molarrow_forwardA chemical interaction in which the products contain less free energy than the reactants is called a(n) ____ reaction.arrow_forwardCH3CHO + 2H+ + 2e¯ → C2H5OH, with ECH, CHO -0.19 v NAD+ + H+ + 2e¯ → NADH, with E ´NAD+ -0.32 v 1. If acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and ethanol (C2H5OH) are mixed in the presence of NAD+ and NADH, a chemical reaction starts. Use the information above to determine the balanced chemical equation for the overall reaction that occurs spontaneously. Explain how you know that your reaction proceeds spontaneously in the direction indicated in your chemical equation. 2. In the liver, the enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde. If the reaction is allowed to proceed until equilibrium is established, how would the reaction mixture respond to the addition of the enzyme? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- 4 ES 16 P Reaction coordinate Which number correlates with the overall equilibrium constant of the reaction (i.e. for S – P)? O 1 O 2 4 6 Free energy (G) 3.arrow_forwardActual free-energy change is a function of the reactant and product concentrations and the temperature at which the reaction occurs. AG = Go + RT In Use the equation for the actual free-energy change to plot AG against In Q at 25 °C for the five concentrations of ATP, ADP, and P₁ shown in the table. The AG' for the reaction is -30.5 kJ/mol. Concentration (mm) 0.2 5.0 14.9 O O AG (kJ/mol) Metabolite ATP ADP P₁ Select the graph that plots the data. AG (kJ/mol) 0 -20 -40 -~ 0 200 0 -200 [C]c[D]d [A]a[B]b -400 T 2 5 0.2 10 2 T 4 3 2.2 12.1 InQ 6 4 InQ 6 8 1 4.2 14.1 10 8 5 25 10 AG (kJ/mol) AG (kJ/mol) 0 -20 -40 -10 -8 0 -20 -40 -6 -4 InQ -2 0arrow_forwardHO AG° = HOT HO OH a form of glucose OH a form ß form H - Which of the two forms is most stable: HO HO HO OH B form of glucose H COH At equilibrium at 25 °C, the two forms are present in a ratio of approximately 64 : 36. Calculate the standard free energy (AG°) difference that corresponds to this equilibrium ratio (i.e. more stable form : less stable form). Kcal/molarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079250
Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed Peters
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
DIGESTER-35 | VITAMINS AND THEIR RELATED COENZYMES| GPAT | NIPER | PHARMACIST| DI; Author: GPAT DISCUSSION CENTER;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGrdNYmho0s;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY