Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133939146
Author: Katz, Debora M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 78PQ
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Our Sun shines bright with a luminosity of 3.828 x 1026 Watt. Her energy is responsible for manyprocesses and the habitable temperatures on the Earth that make our life possible.(a) Calculate the amount of energy arriving on the Earth in a single day.(b) To how many litres of heating oil (energy density: 37.3 x 106J/litre) is this equivalent?(c) The Earth reflects 30% of this energy: Determine the temperature on Earth’s surface.(d) What other factors should be considered to get an even more precise temperature estimate?
Our Sun shines bright with a luminosity of 3.828 x 10^26 Watt. Her energy is responsible for many
processes and the habitable temperatures on the Earth that make our life possible.
(a) Calculate the amount of energy arriving on the Earth in a single day.
(b) To how many litres of heating oil (energy density: 37.3 x 10^6
J/litre) is this equivalent?
(c) The Earth reflects 30% of this energy: Determine the temperature on Earth’s surface.
(d) What other factors should be considered to get an even more precise temperature estimate?
Note: The Earth’s radius is 6370 km; the Sun’s radius is 696 x 10^3 km; 1 AU is 1.495 x 10^8 km.
Our Sun shines bright with a luminosity of 3.828 x 1026 Watt. Her energy is responsible for manyprocesses and the habitable temperatures on the Earth that make our life possible.(a) Calculate the amount of energy arriving on the Earth in a single day.(b) To how many litres of heating oil (energy density: 37.3 x 106J/litre) is this equivalent?(c) The Earth reflects 30% of this energy: Determine the temperature on Earth’s surface.(d) What other factors should be considered to get an even more precise temperature estimate?Note: The Earth’s radius is 6370 km; the Sun’s radius is 696 x 103 km; 1 AU is 1.495 x 108 km.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 21.2 - Incorrect. Heat is not contained in Texas. The...Ch. 21.3 - In each situation listed, an objects temperature...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 21.3CECh. 21.4 - Prob. 21.4CECh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.5CECh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.6CECh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.7CECh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.8CECh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.9CECh. 21 - Prob. 1PQ
Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PQCh. 21 - You extend an impromptu invitation to a friend for...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4PQCh. 21 - Prob. 5PQCh. 21 - Prob. 6PQCh. 21 - Prob. 7PQCh. 21 - Prob. 8PQCh. 21 - Prob. 9PQCh. 21 - Prob. 10PQCh. 21 - Prob. 11PQCh. 21 - Prob. 12PQCh. 21 - Prob. 13PQCh. 21 - Prob. 14PQCh. 21 - Prob. 15PQCh. 21 - Prob. 16PQCh. 21 - Prob. 17PQCh. 21 - Prob. 18PQCh. 21 - Prob. 19PQCh. 21 - From Table 21.1, the specific heat of milk is 3.93...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21PQCh. 21 - Prob. 22PQCh. 21 - An ideal gas is confined to a cylindrical...Ch. 21 - Prob. 24PQCh. 21 - You place frozen soup (T = 17C) in a microwave...Ch. 21 - A 25-g ice cube at 0.0C is heated. After it first...Ch. 21 - Prob. 27PQCh. 21 - Prob. 28PQCh. 21 - Prob. 29PQCh. 21 - Prob. 30PQCh. 21 - Consider the latent heat of fusion and the latent...Ch. 21 - Prob. 32PQCh. 21 - Prob. 33PQCh. 21 - A thermodynamic cycle is shown in Figure P21.34...Ch. 21 - Prob. 35PQCh. 21 - Figure P21.36 shows a cyclic thermodynamic process...Ch. 21 - Figure P21.37 shows a PV diagram for a gas that is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 38PQCh. 21 - Prob. 39PQCh. 21 - Prob. 40PQCh. 21 - Prob. 41PQCh. 21 - Prob. 42PQCh. 21 - Prob. 43PQCh. 21 - Prob. 44PQCh. 21 - Figure P21.45 shows a cyclic process ABCDA for...Ch. 21 - Prob. 46PQCh. 21 - Prob. 47PQCh. 21 - Prob. 48PQCh. 21 - Prob. 49PQCh. 21 - Prob. 50PQCh. 21 - Prob. 51PQCh. 21 - Prob. 52PQCh. 21 - Prob. 53PQCh. 21 - Prob. 54PQCh. 21 - Prob. 55PQCh. 21 - You extend an impromptu invitation to a friend for...Ch. 21 - Prob. 57PQCh. 21 - Prob. 58PQCh. 21 - A lake is covered with ice that is 2.0 cm thick....Ch. 21 - A concerned mother is dressing her child for play...Ch. 21 - Prob. 61PQCh. 21 - Prob. 62PQCh. 21 - Prob. 63PQCh. 21 - Prob. 64PQCh. 21 - Prob. 65PQCh. 21 - Prob. 66PQCh. 21 - Prob. 67PQCh. 21 - Prob. 68PQCh. 21 - Three 100.0-g ice cubes initially at 0C are added...Ch. 21 - Prob. 70PQCh. 21 - Prob. 71PQCh. 21 - Prob. 72PQCh. 21 - Prob. 73PQCh. 21 - Prob. 74PQCh. 21 - Prob. 75PQCh. 21 - Prob. 76PQCh. 21 - Prob. 77PQCh. 21 - Prob. 78PQCh. 21 - How much faster does a cup of tea cool by 1C when...Ch. 21 - The PV diagram in Figure P21.80 shows a set of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 81PQCh. 21 - Prob. 82PQCh. 21 - Prob. 83PQCh. 21 - Prob. 84PQCh. 21 - Prob. 85PQ
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- The equation of hydrostatic equilibrium is dP/dr = ( −GMr / r2 ) ρ where Mr is the mass interior to the radius r, and ρ is the density.Consider the atmosphere of a star which is isothermal. You may assume that the mass of theatmosphere does not contribute significantly to the total mass of the star, so that the surfacegravity g = GMr/r2 is constant at all heights in the isothermal atmosphere. Assume an idealgas law P = nkT = (ρ/µmH) kT, where µ is the mean molecular weight and mH is the mass of ahydrogen atom. By solving the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium with these approximations, show that P(r) = P(0) exp ((−gµmH/kT)r) Briefly describe the meaning of the expression kT/gµmH. Some white dwarfs have an atmosphere of mostly hydrogen plasma, whereas others have an atmosphere dominated by helium plasma. For the simple model above, briefly discuss what major difference would be seen between these two cases. You can assume the same temperature and surface gravity for the two cases.arrow_forwardThe Sun emits 3.839 x 1026 J of energy every second, which is generated from the fusion of hydrogen into helium in its core. Using Einstein's equation E = mc2 (with c = 2.9979 x 108 m/s), determine how much mass the Sun converts to energy every second due to nuclear fusion in its core. If we assume that the Sun has been shining at this same rate through its entire 4.6 billion year history, how much mass has the Sun lost due to nuclear fusion during its lifetime? Express your answer as a fraction of the Sun's current mass (1.9891 x 1030 kg).arrow_forwardc) Derive the Schwarzschild criterion for the onset of convection in an ideal gas, namely d ln T d ln P 7-1 Y Explain all steps in your derivation, and justify any assumptions that you make. d) In a region of convective instability near the surface of a solar-type star of total mass M, the temperature and pressure are related approximately by the expression P KT5/2. Show that the temperature gradient for an ideal gas in hydrostatic = equilibrium in this convection zone is given by dT dr 2Gm(r)μ 5Rr² Further, assuming that the mass in the convection zone is small compared to M, show that at a depth h measured from the top of the convection zone, the temperature is approximately given by T = Ts + 2GMμ -h₂ 5RR² when his small compared to R, and Ts is the temperature at the top of the convection zone.arrow_forward
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