(a) Interpretation: A systematic scheme for the transformation of the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid from cyclopentanol is to be stated. Concept introduction: When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms. Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 20, Problem 20.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid from cyclopentanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the octanoic acid from is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

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Provide IUPAC names for the following compounds. (a) -OH (b)

1) The carbon-oxygen double bond present in aldehydes and ketones is very polar. What does this mean and how does it arise? 2) The carbon-oxygen double bond is readily attacked by nucleophiles like cyanide ions or ammonia. (i) What do you understand by the term nucleophile? (ii) Which part of the carbon-oxygen double bond is attractive to nucleophiles? 3) Why is there a difference between aldehydes and ketones in their response to oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate(VI) solution acidified with dilute sulfuric acid?

6. Describe concisely a chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (a) n-pentanol and 3-methylpentan-3-ol (b) Ethanal dan pentanal (c) Phenol and benzoic acid

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid from cyclopentanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the octanoic acid from is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid from cyclopentanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the octanoic acid from is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid from cyclopentanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the octanoic acid from is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 20.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid from cyclopentanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the octanoic acid from is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 20.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid from cyclopentanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 20.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid from cyclopentanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the octanoic acid from is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A systematic scheme for the transformation of the octanoic acid from is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When an unsymmetrical alkene is reacted with , an alkyl bromide is formed. The substitution of in an alkene takes place by Markovnikov’s rule. According to Markovnikov’s rule, halide is substituted to the carbon atom which bears less number of hydrogen atoms and hydride ion is substituted to the carbon atom which bears more number of hydrogen atoms.

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.

Answer 10

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Answer 13

Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.1P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.2P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.3P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.4P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.5P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.6P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.7P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.8P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.9P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.10P

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