Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 16PS
Interpreting Data In a classic study, John Teal measured energy flow in a salt marsh ecosystem. The table below shows some of his results.
| Form of energy | Kcal/m2/yr | Efficiency of energy transfer (%) |
| Sunlight | 600,000 | n/a |
| Chemical energy in producers | 6,585 | |
| Chemical energy in primary consumers | 81 |
Data from: J.M. Teal, Energy Flow in the Salt Marsh Ecosystem of Georgia. Ecology 43: 614–24 (1962).
- a. Calculate the efficiency of energy transfer by the producers. That is, what percentage of the energy in sunlight was converted into chemical energy and incorporated into plant biomass?
- b. Calculate the efficiency of energy transfer by the primary consumers. What percentage of the energy in plant biomass was incorporated into the bodies of the primary consumers? What became of the rest of the energy (see Figure 20.27)?
- c. How much energy is available for secondary consumers? Based on the efficiency of energy transfer by primary consumers, estimate how much energy will be available to tertiary consumers.
- d. Draw an energy pyramid for the producers, primary consumers, and secondary consumers for this ecosystem (see Figure 20.28).
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This conceptual model to the right shows the flow of
energy through a spring ecosystem in Silver Springs,
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primary productivity (GPP)? Express using the units
kcal/m?/yr.
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1,700,000
kcalim?lyr
Primary producers
13,187
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2,265
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1,103
720
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272
383
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Tertiary consumers
16
21
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7d. What is the efficiency of energy transfer between the
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1SQCh. 20 - According to the concept of competitive exclusion,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3SQCh. 20 - Prob. 4SQCh. 20 - Why are the top predators in food chains most...Ch. 20 - Over a period of many years, grass grows on a sand...Ch. 20 - According to the energy pyramid, why is eating...Ch. 20 - Local conditions, such as heavy rainfall or the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9SQCh. 20 - Prob. 10SQ
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