Physical Science (12th Edition), Standalone Book
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260150544
Author: Bill W. Tillery
Publisher: McGraw Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 19, Problem 2II
To determine
Where do earthquakes appear to occur? Is there any discernible pattern?
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The Richter Soale is a simple equation for measuring intensity of an earthquake, according to the formula
R=log(I), where I is Intensity of an earthquake and Ris the Richter scale rating.
The largest earthquake in the year 2006 was in the ocean that was recorded as an 8.3 on the Richter Scale.
The most devastating earthquake was in a major city that registered 6.6 on the Richter Scale. How many
times more intense was the quake in the ocean?
a) The intensity of the 8.3 earthquake was:
You can write it as a power of 10
b) The intensity of the 6.6 earthquake was:
FYou can write it as a power of 10}
c) The quake in the ocean was
times more intense than the one in the city.
(Round to 3 decimal places.)
Recall the formula for calculating the magnitude of an earthquake, M =
E
Eo
earthquake has magnitude 3.9 on the MMS scale. If a second earthquake has 800 times as much energy
log
One
as the first, find the magnitude of the second quake.
Round to the nearest hundredth.
The magnitude of the second earthquake was
Number
Tutorial
An earthquake occurs 7,375 km from a seismograph.
The P-waves arrive 12.2 minutes later. How fast is the
P-wave traveling (in km/s)?
If the lag time between P- and S-waves is 10.6 minutes,
how fast are the S-waves traveling (in km/s)?
Using the shadow of S-waves you determine that the
radius of the core is 55% of the Earth's 6,378-km radius.
How many kilometers from the surface is this (in km)?
Part 1 of 3
To calculate how fast the P-waves are traveling, we
need to divide the distance the waves travel by the
time.
d
Vp =
Make sure you are dividing by the time in seconds. s
Vp =
Make sure you are dividing by the time in seconds. km/s
Chapter 19 Solutions
Physical Science (12th Edition), Standalone Book
Ch. 19 - 1. The premise that the present is the key to...Ch. 19 - 2. The concept of uniformitarianism is that rocks...Ch. 19 - 3. A force that compresses, pulls apart, or...Ch. 19 - 4. Rock stress caused by two plates moving...Ch. 19 - 5. Adjustment to stress is defined as
a....Ch. 19 - 6. Rocks at great depths are under
a. lower...Ch. 19 - 7. A bend in layered bedrock that resulted from...Ch. 19 - 8. Folds that resemble an arch are called
a....Ch. 19 - 9. A fold that forms a trough is called a (an)
a....Ch. 19 - 10. Movement between rocks on one side of a...
Ch. 19 - 11. The actual place where seismic waves originate...Ch. 19 - 12. The point on Earth's surface directly above...Ch. 19 - 13. An earthquake that occurs in the upper part of...Ch. 19 - 14. The majority of earthquakes (85 percent)...Ch. 19 - 15. The size of an earthquake is measured by
a....Ch. 19 - 16. The energy of the vibrations or the magnitude...Ch. 19 - 17. Earthquakes are detected and measured by
a. a...Ch. 19 - 18. Elevated parts of Earth’s crust that rise...Ch. 19 - 19. Which of the following is not a classification...Ch. 19 - 20. Mountains that rise sharply from surrounding...Ch. 19 - 21. A large amount of magma that has crystallized...Ch. 19 - 22. The most abundant extrusive rock is
a....Ch. 19 - 23. The basic difference between the frame of...Ch. 19 - 24. The difference between elastic deformation and...Ch. 19 - 25. Whether a rock layer subjected to stress...Ch. 19 - 26. When subjected to stress, rocks buried at...Ch. 19 - 27. A sedimentary rock layer that has not been...Ch. 19 - 28. The difference between a joint and a fault is...Ch. 19 - 29. A fault where the footwall has moved upward...Ch. 19 - 30. Reverse faulting probably resulted from which...Ch. 19 - 31. Earthquakes that occur at the boundary between...Ch. 19 - 32. Each higher number of the Richter scale
a....Ch. 19 - 33. The removal of “older” crust from the surface...Ch. 19 - 34. Hutton observed that rocks, rock structures,...Ch. 19 - 35. The principle of uniformity has a basic frame...Ch. 19 - 36. What is not considered a type of strain?
a....Ch. 19 - 37. How a rock responds to stress and strain does...Ch. 19 - 38. Which rock is more likely to break under...Ch. 19 - 39. Rocks near or on the surface
a. are not cooler...Ch. 19 - 40. Rocks recover their original shape after...Ch. 19 - 41. Which is not a type of fault?
a. Normal
b....Ch. 19 - 42. Where do most earthquakes occur?
a. Along...Ch. 19 - 43. The name of the fault that is of concern to...Ch. 19 - 44. P-waves travel ____ S-waves.
a. faster than
b....Ch. 19 - Prob. 45ACCh. 19 - 46. An earthquake is
a. the result of the sudden...Ch. 19 - 47. The Black Hills in South Dakota and the...Ch. 19 - 48. The Appalachian Mountains were formed when
a....Ch. 19 - 49. Mountains that were formed as a result of...Ch. 19 - 50. The source of magma for the Mount St. Helens...Ch. 19 - 1. What is the principle of uniformity? What are...Ch. 19 - 2. Describe the responses of rock layers to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3QFTCh. 19 - 4. What does the presence of folded sedimentary...Ch. 19 - 5. Describe the conditions that would lead to...Ch. 19 - 6. How would plate tectonics explain the...Ch. 19 - 7. What is an earthquake? What produces an...Ch. 19 - 8. Where would the theory of plate tectonics...Ch. 19 - 9. Describe how the location of an earthquake is...Ch. 19 - 10. Briefly explain how and where folded mountains...Ch. 19 - 11. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on...Ch. 19 - 12. Identify three areas of probable volcanic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13QFTCh. 19 - 14. Describe any possible relationships between...Ch. 19 - 15. What is the source of magma that forms...Ch. 19 - 16. Describe how the nature of the lava produced...Ch. 19 - 17. What are mountains? Why do they tend to form...Ch. 19 - 1. Evaluate the statement “the present is the key...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2FFACh. 19 - 3. What are the significant similarities and...Ch. 19 - 4. Explain the combination of variables that...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1IICh. 19 - Prob. 2IICh. 19 - Prob. 3IICh. 19 - Prob. 4IICh. 19 - Prob. 5IICh. 19 - Prob. 1PEACh. 19 - Prob. 2PEACh. 19 - Prob. 3PEACh. 19 - Prob. 4PEACh. 19 - Prob. 5PEACh. 19 - Prob. 6PEACh. 19 - Prob. 7PEACh. 19 - Prob. 8PEACh. 19 - Prob. 9PEACh. 19 - Prob. 10PEACh. 19 - Prob. 11PEACh. 19 - How wide, in kilometers, is a shield volcano...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13PEACh. 19 - Prob. 14PEACh. 19 - Prob. 15PEACh. 19 - Prob. 16PEACh. 19 - 1. The rocks in a syncline have been folded into a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 3PEBCh. 19 - 4. The hanging wall of a fault has been displaced...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 6PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 7PEBCh. 19 - 8. Compare the ground motion (surface wave...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 11PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 12PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 13PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 14PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 15PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 16PEB
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Similar questions
- An earthquake occurs 6,875 km from a seismograph. The P-waves arrive 11.6 minutes later. How fast is the P-wave traveling (in km/s)? If the lag time between P- and S-waves is 10.8 minutes, how fast are the S-waves traveling (in km/s)? Using the shadow of S-waves you determine that the radius of the core is 55% of the Earth's 6,378-km radius. How many kilometers from the surface is this (in km)? To calculate how fast the P-waves are traveling, we need to divide the distance the waves travel by the time. vP = d s vP = km/sarrow_forwardAn earthquake of magnitude 8 on the Richter scale is twice as intense as an earthquake of magnitude 4.Determine whether the statement makes sense or does not make sense, and explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardUse the Richter scale r=log 1/i0 to find the intensity of the following earthquakes (let i0=1) a. magnitude 7.6 earthquake in Peru (2015) b. Magnitude 5.5 earthquake in Pakistan c how many times more intense was the earthquake in Peru compared to the one in Pakistanarrow_forward
- In the figure below, the earthquake occurred 7,100 km from the seismograph. Earthquake occurs 7,100 km away. First Pwaves arrive. First Swaves arrive. Mww 10 15 20 25 Time (minutes) How fast did the P waves travel in km/s? km/s How fast did the S waves travel (in km/s)? km/s How long (in seconds) did the P waves and the S waves take to travel 120 km from the epicenter? Assume the wave speeds are constant. P waves S waves Selsmic wave strengtharrow_forwardCalculate the surface wave magnitude MS for an earthquake with IMM of VII, in an area that can be approximated by a circle with radius 20 km for a site at the borders of the given isoseismal. This site is located in the western United States. Compare the ensuing value with the estimations from relationships with other magnitude scales. Calculate the fault surface displacements. Assume that the earthquake mechanism is normal faulting.arrow_forwardDefine the magnitude M of an earthquake in terms of the intensity I of the earthquake and the intensity S of a standard earthquake.arrow_forward
- earthquake intensity measured by I = Io x 10^m, Io is reference intensity and M is magnitude. An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale is 125 times less intense than the second earthquake. What would the Richter scale measure be for the second earthquake?arrow_forwardIf the Richter scale is altered so that it compares energy released instead of intensity, the definition of the scale becomes M2 - M1 = LOG31 (E2 / E1). a) If the magnitude of an earthquake is increased by 1 on the scale, by what factor is the energy released multiplied? b) What is the magnitude of an earthquake that releases 200 times the energy of an earthquake with magnitude 4.5? c) How many times greater is the energy released from an earthquake with magnitude 9.0 than that of an earthquake with magnitude 6.5?arrow_forwardAccording to the LA Times news report, a moderate magnitude 3.6 earthquake centered near the Granada Hills neighborhood occured on Jan 22, 2020. Use scientific notation in your final results to a) Refer to the Mercalli scale above to identify the intensity level, shaking and description/damage of the earthquake. b) Draw a cross sectional sketch of the earth identifying the FOCUS and epicenter of the earthquake. c) Determine the amount of energy released in ergs and d) Joules.arrow_forward
- According to the infographic above a recent magnitude 3.8 Earthquake was recorded in San Diego 2021. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy release in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules)). c) Using the earthquake magnitude scale below to qualitatively categorize (was it Minor, Light, Moderate, Strong, Major or Great) and describe the earthquake (what kind of damage is expected from a magnitude 3.8 earthquake).arrow_forwardSeismic migration can be best described asa. Converting the seismic section from time to depthb. Adjusting the reflection time based on the hyperbolic travel timec. Stacking the tracesd. Putting seismic reflectors in their correct locationarrow_forwardThe intensity of a wave of an earthquake is measured as 9 J/m². At a different point 8.6 km away from the first point the intensity is reduced by 20%. At what distance from the centre of the earthquake is the first intensity measured. Please give your result in km with 1 decimal. (The centre of the earthquake, the first point and the second point should all be in one straight line).arrow_forward
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