Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 13QP
Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations
Why is it that mutation, acting alone, has little effect on gene frequency?
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Background: In class we did a project about m and m’s and there ability to evolve and natural selection. (Yes I know they can’t actually evolve it was just used as a example in class) however I can’t figure out this question.
Occasionally a mutant may occur and produce a candy that is misshapen or Pointier or flatter than the rest. Often this proves to be a weakness, but a rare mutation may confer extra M&M durability. Other mutations in M&Ms could occur ( like ones that result in a new color). A mutant un you population represents a new _________.
What goes in the blank
n class we investigated the reason cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population in higher frequency than we expected given the deleterious effects of being homozygous at the CFTR gene. We calculated the actual mutation rate of the CFTR gene to be 6.7 x 10-7. The mutation rate expected under mutation-selection balance was 4 x 10-4. What is the most plausible explanation as to why cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population at a higher frequency than we expect?
a.
Negative selection against the CFTR deleterious alleles is too weak to eliminate the alleles from the human population.
b.
Positive selection for the CFTR deleterious alleles is likely occurring in response to some other selective pressure in the human population, possibly resistance to typhoid fever.
c.
The CFTR gene has an exceedingly low mutation rate causing humans to have no genetic variation at that gene.
d.
The CFTR gene has an exceedingly high mutation rate and that is…
Which one of the following options most accurately describes the process that generates
the signature of a selective sweep in DNA sequence data?
suppression of mutation over a long haplotype centered on a positively selected allele
genetic hitchhiking of neutral alleles flanking the favored allele at the nucleotide site under
positive selection
O higher than average recombination around the core allele under positive selection
Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19.8 - Why dont genetic markers on the Y chromosome...Ch. 19.8 - Prob. 2GRCh. 19 - If you suspected that heterozygous carriers of a...Ch. 19 - If allele frequencies in the hemoglobin gene are...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1QPCh. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4QPCh. 19 - Prob. 5QPCh. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...
Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10QPCh. 19 - Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics In a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17QPCh. 19 - Prob. 18QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Natural Selection Affects the Frequency of Genetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 21QPCh. 19 - Prob. 22QPCh. 19 - The Evolutionary History and Spread of Our Species...Ch. 19 - Prob. 24QPCh. 19 - Genomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome...
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- Hi, would you plaase answer this question? In a study conducted by an undergraduate student, the obtained data showed that approximately 75% of the European Northern human population demonstrate the expression of a phenotype directly associated with the homozygous dominant genotype, while 25% display the mutant phenotype despite their genotypes being homozygous dominant. Using your knowledge propose two hypotheses for this observation.arrow_forwardGenetic variation in organism is due to?arrow_forwardExplain the neutral theory of molecular evolution (20%) and how you use it as a null hypothesis to detect positive selection in protein coding genes (20%)arrow_forward
- In Genetic Variation, If people have a similar genetic makeup, why do weu use DNA to understand or determine whether suspects are innocent or guilty of a crime.arrow_forwardHouse mouse (Mus musculus) Gene of interest: B4galnt2 (encodes glycosyltransferase enzyme) • Allele R: Associated with prolonged bleeding due to issues with blood clotting; associated with resistance to bacterial infections due to absence of intestinal expression. Allele C: Associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infections; not associated with prolonged bleeding. A B C The population is closed; there are no new mice coming in. The cages are setup to allow for random mating. The B4galnt2 gene is not associated with any mating preferences or non-random mating patterns. Studies have shown that mutations in this locus are extremely rare. The population is EXTREMELY large. The population is kept in well maintained environment, free of bacterial infections. The mouse food is supplemented with a low dose of blood coagulator, which helps the blood clot and eliminates any prolonged bleeding. None of the genotypes display any side effects to this medication. The population is…arrow_forwardHereditary genetics Population genetics Molecular genetics Answer Bank expressing exogenous transgenes to understand function calculating genotype frequencies to understand phenotype changes in a population researching how genetic drift impacted many species over the past thousand years observing phenotypes in offspring to understand gene inheritance studying DNA-protein interactions to understand gene regulation tracing pedigrees to determine patterns of gene transmission within a familyarrow_forward
- Recessive epistasis: In a cross between fruit flies that are both double heterozygous for modifier gene and coat color, in the total offspring of 192, how many fruit flies have gray- coat, white coat, and black coat? A recessive allele blocks the expression of the coat color of fruit flies. Make a null hypothesis, compute for chi-square and determine if the null hypothesis is accepted or rejected.Show your answer, table, punnet square, and solution.arrow_forwardGenetics and Social Behavior Of the following findings, which does not support the idea that alcoholism is genetic? a. Some strains of mice select alcohol over water 75% of the time, whereas others shun alcohol. b. The concordance value is 55% for MZ twins and 28% for DZ twins. c. Biological sons of alcoholic men who have been adopted have a rate of alcoholism more like that of their adoptive fathers. d. There is a 20% to 25% risk of alcoholism in the sons of alcoholic men. e. None of these.arrow_forwardDiscuss the significance of mutations and explain the role of the environment in the evolutionary process. (Hint: Consider Lenski's study and what is demonstrated. Do not re-tell Lenski’s study)arrow_forward
- How does natural selection affect gene frequency over timearrow_forwardPart 1 V Create an A3 poster that demonstrates the following genetic concepts: The difference between continuous and discontinuous variation.arrow_forwardWhat would happen if a mutation created a new allele that decreased fitness? * The new allele would have to change back to an allele of higher fitness so the possessor of that allele could maintain its fitness. The individual with the new allele would wait for an environmental change so that its fitness would increase again No answer The new allele would decrease the fitness of the individual that possessed it, and that individual would have few or no offspring The new allele would spread through the population and decrease the fitness of that populationarrow_forward
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