Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 18, Problem 9TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Genes are the basic functional and physical unit of heredity. The genes make up the genetic makeup of an individual, which is responsible for the development of the whole organism and its traits.
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Determine which of the genomic traits are associated with prokaryotes or eukaryotes. These traits include relative genome size.
number of genes, gene density, and number of exons.
Prokaryote
about one gene every 2000 to 100000 bp
relatively large, variable size genome
multiple introns
Answer Bank
relatively small genome
about one gene every 1000 bp
500 to 7000 genes
Eukaryote
6000 to 30000 genes
few, if any, introns
Each of the following describes a distinctive step in a genomic technology or an experimental design.
Match the term for each description.
An experimental design that looks at the
offspring resulting from an F2 cross, where
the parental generation have different
phenotypes. Then, look for correlation
between offspring phenotype and genotype.
The intensity of fluorescence in each spot
indicates the level of gene expression.
Only one fluorescent nucleotide is added,
which is complementary to the position of a
known SNP.
Familial Design
[Choose ]
RNA microarray
GWAS
Familial Design
Quantitative Genetics
Genomic resequencing
RNA sequencing
DNA microarray
Genomic resequencing
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When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually more straightforward to compare genes by using the protein sequences of gene products rather than DNA sequences of the genes themselves. Explain why this is the case. (Cover 4 points)
Chapter 18 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 18.1 - In the procedure shown in this figure, has the...Ch. 18.1 - Refer back to Figure 9.16. Why are primers needed...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 2BCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18.2 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 18.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 18.4 - The sizes of eukaryotic genomes vary because more...Ch. 18.4 - The members of a gene family are called paralogs....Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.5 - Based on their mechanism of movement, which type...Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18.5 - A segment of DNA that moves via an RNA...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1TYCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYCh. 18 - Lets suppose you followed the protocols described...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4TYCh. 18 - Lets suppose you want to clone a gene that has...Ch. 18 - In the CRISPR-Cas technology used for mutating...Ch. 18 - Prob. 7TYCh. 18 - Prob. 8TYCh. 18 - Prob. 9TYCh. 18 - Prob. 10TYCh. 18 - Draw the structure of a dideoxyribonucleotide...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 18 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 18 - Identify and discuss three important advances that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually more straightforward to compare genes by using the protein sequences of gene products rather than DNA sequences of the genes themselves. Explain why this is the case. (Write 5 points)arrow_forwardBeing able to understand the relationship between DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes and proteins, is necessary for any researcher interested in gene therapy. Gene therapy is dedicated to correcting genetic defects by replacing mutated genes with wildtype versions. This can include complete removal and introduction of a working copy of the entire gene (using knock-outs and knock-ins) or removal of only the actual mutated nucleotide. Sickle Cell Disease is an example of a recessive disorder based on a single-point mutation: GAG becomes GTG, which encodes a new amino acid. One would only need to replace a single base to correct the disorder making it very attractive to gene therapy researchers. The mutant sickle cell allele is called HbS (for sickled hemoglobin) while the wt allele is HbA. Pretend that Arcel Kasongo, a masters student from Cambridge, is studying for an oral exam on gene therapy, and has an especial interest in the disorder since he comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo…arrow_forwardBeing able to understand the relationship between DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes and proteins, is necessary for any researcher interested in gene therapy. Gene therapy is dedicated to correcting genetic defects by replacing mutated genes with wildtype versions. This can include complete removal and introduction of a working copy of the entire gene (using knock-outs and knock-ins) or removal of only the actual mutated nucleotide. Sickle Cell Disease is an example of a recessive disorder based on a single-point mutation: GAG becomes GTG, which encodes a new amino acid. One would only need to replace a single base to correct the disorder making it very attractive to gene therapy researchers. The mutant sickle cell allele is called HbS (for sickled hemoglobin) while the wt allele is HbA. Pretend that Arcel Kasongo, a masters student from Cambridge, is studying for an oral exam on gene therapy, and has an especial interest in the disorder since he comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo…arrow_forward
- A mutation can be defined as a change in an organism's transcription. phenotype. genotype. proteins.arrow_forwardIn what order does the genetic information flow in living organisms? Choose all that are true. genetic information can be rewritten from protein to DNA genetic information can be translated from RNA to protein genetic information can be rewritten from DNA to RNA genetic information can be rewritten from protein to RNA genetic information can be rewritten from RNA to DNAarrow_forwardExplain the relationship among the following terms: genomics, proteomics, gene, protein, genotype, and phenotype. minimum of 500 words please!arrow_forward
- Describe the components of the human genome. proper explanation and diagramarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes genome wide association study? genomes of diseased and healthy individuals are compared to identify the mutations that cause disease molecular markers are identified that are unique to diseased genomes the frequency of molecular markers alleles are compared between diseased and healthy individuals to identify alleles at higher frequency in diseased individuals tumor genomes are sequenced to identify genes with unusual expression patterns individuals from diverse human populations are sequenced to identify how they are related to each otherarrow_forwardWhile inspecting the genome sequence of your newly discoyered organism, you note that while the genome overall is 50% G + C, there is a cluster of genes comprising about 20,000 bp that is 64% G+ C. The best explanation for this is Multiple Choice the 20,000 bp segment is a recent acquisition via horizontal gene transfer the 20,000 bp segment likely contains a cluster of housekeeping genes this represents normal variation within a chromosome the 20,000 bp segment is an adaptation to a more thermophilic environmentarrow_forward
- Genes that are duplicated within a genome and later diverge in function, such as the RNASE1 and RNASE1B genes in a species of monkeys, are described as -Derived genes -ancestral genes -orthologous genes -paralogous genesarrow_forwardDefine gene from a morphological, physiological and ecological standpoint.arrow_forwardThe following image depicts a short stretch of sequence associated with a gene. Which of the following is true?arrow_forward
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