In C. elegans there are two sexes: hermaphrodite and male. Sex is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to haploid sets of autosomes (X
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Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
- Consider a species of wasp in which females are diploid and come from fertilized eggs, while males are haploid and come from unfertilized eggs. Assuming that a queen mates with only one male, determine the coefficient of relationship (r) for each of the following. a)A female (worker) to her sister: b)A female (worker) to her brother: c)A female (worker) to her fatherarrow_forwardAbout 40% of Solomon Islanders carry a gene for blond hair, and yet only 5%–10% of these people actually have blond hair. Why is the number of people with blond hair only 5%–10% when so many people carry genes for blond hair? The duck-billed platypus has a unique mechanism of sex determination: females have five pairs of X chromosomes (X1X1X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5) and males have five pairs of X and Y chromosomes (X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3X4Y4X5Y5). Do you think each of the X and Y chromosome pairs in males assort independently of other X and Y pairs during meiosis? Why or why not? How is the inheritance of X-linked traits different from the inheritance of autosomal traits? How is the inheritance of X-linked and autosomal traits similar? List as many differences and similarities as you can.arrow_forwardIf red vizcacha rats (Tympanoctomys barrerae) have 100 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes in each of their diploid somatic cells, then they must have: only 102 chromosomes in their haploid germ cells only 100 chromosomes in their haploid germ cells only 52 chromosomes in their haploid germ cells only 51 chromosomes in their haploid germ cells only 50 chromosomes in their haploid germ cellsarrow_forward
- My college Bio teacher asked me this question in response to one of my photos I posted on Facebook: "I wonder why some birds exhibit sexual dimorphism while others do not." Can someone explain this phenomenom in detail?arrow_forwardOne reason that worker bees forgo their own reproduction to help their sister (the queen) reproduce is that female bees are more closely related to their sisters than they are to their own offspring. This quirk of genetics results from the fact that bees have haplodiploid sex determination, in which females are diploid, with a mother and a father, but males are haploid, developing from unfertilized eggs. Because males are haploid, they produce sperm by mitosis. Explainwhy haplodiploid sex determination causes females to be more closely related to their sisters than to their offspring.arrow_forwardDo all dioecious species have a homogametic and a heterogametic sex? 1. Yes, because dioecious means that two types of gametes are produced, even in hermaphroditic species. 2. Yes, because all sex-determining systems include heterogametic and homogametic sexes. 3. Yes, because in dioecious organisms, either the XX-XY or the ZZ-ZW system determines sex. XY and ZW individuals are heterogametic. XX and ZZ individuals are homogametic. 4. No, because hermaphrodites and species that reproduce asexually are dioecious. 5. No, because dioecious means that the sexes are separate, regardless of how sex is determined. In some dioecious species, sex is determined by a single gene.arrow_forward
- Which of the following would not be considered a component of sexual reproduction? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer a Production of eges and sperm in separate sexes in an animal species b. Gradual acquisition of multiple mutations in a purely mitotically dividing eukaryotic single celled organism Occasional production of diploids through fusions of cells of opposite mating types in a yeast that largely reproduces through clonal mitotic divisions "Alteration of generations" between haploid and diploid organisms in a fernarrow_forwardThe change of successful fertilization is approximately 18% in every cycle. Why does this statistic seem so low? All of the following statements provide a reason as to why the chance of fertilization is 18% every ovarian cycle EXEPT Select one: A. Some Sperm cells are not very motile, while others are formed without a tail. B. If more than one sperm fertilizes an egg, multiple embryos can result. C. Vagina is very acidic, killing many sperm. D. There two fallopian tubes and two ovaries, but only one of them releases an ovum every cycle.arrow_forwardFor each of the following, identify what characteristics of a species male and female karyotype would indicate that mechanism of sex-determination. Genic XY sex chromosomes ZW sex chromosomes Haplo-diploid genomes XO sex chromosomes Environmental [Choose ] [C [C [C [C [C ✓ [Choose ] More than one answer is correct Females have one more chromosome compared to males Females have twice as many chromosomes compared to males Females show a pair of differentiated sex chromosomes Males show a pair of differentiated sex chromosomes No visible differencearrow_forward
- In honey bees, males are developed parthenogenetically while workers are developed after sexual reproduction. The workers exhibit more similarity among themselves as compared to the queen. If the workers start giving organism parthenogenetically then the offspring would most likely resemble:arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about sex determination in mammals? Choose all possible answers. a.) The conversion of the genital ridge into the bipotential gonad requires the Sf1, Wt1, and Lhx9 transcription factors. b.) Even if one of the transcription factors mentioned in choice a (Sf1, Wt1, and Lhx9) will lose its function, the normal development of either male or female gonads will still push through. c.) Sry protein binds to the enhancer of the Sox9 gene and elevates expression of this key gene in the ovary-determining pathway. d.) β-catenin functions to initiate the ovarian pathway of development by activating the genes involved in granulosa cell differentiation. e.) Sf1 protein prevents the production of Sox9.arrow_forwardA sexually reproducing animal has two genes that assort independently, one for head shape (H) and one for tail length (T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism?arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning