Chapter 18, Problem 18.23CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest oxidation state of oxide in each mentioned elements has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation state:

As per the IUPAC definition, the charge of the atom is the oxidation state of an atom after ionic approximation of its heteronuclear bonds or it is a number assigned to an atom or an element which represents the number of electrons lost or gained.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The acidic or basic or amphoteric nature of the oxides has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Acid:

The substance which is capable of accepting a pair of nonbonding electrons and forms covalent bond

Base:

The substance which is capable of donating a pair of nonbonding electrons

Amphoteric compound:

It can behave like acid as well as base in a chemical reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The most ionic oxide and most covalent oxide have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bond:

The bond which involves sharing of electrons between the atoms present in the molecule

Ionic bond:

The bond which involves transfer of electrons between the atoms present in the molecule

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular oxide and solids with infinitely extended three dimensional crystal structures have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Three dimensional crystal structures:

The orderly arrangement of the atoms and ions of crystal which are extended further and held together by internal bonding forces

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The oxide with highest melting point and lowest melting point has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Melting point:

The temperature at which the given solid material changes to liquid is known as melting point.

Lattice energy:

It is the measure of energy released when ions come together to make a compound. The unit of lattice energy is $\text{kJ/mol}$