Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The chiral center in the Darvon needs to be located.
Concept introduction:
A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as a carbon atom attached to 4 different groups. The non-superimposable mirror images of the chiral molecule are known as its enantiomer. Molecules with planes of symmetry do not have chirality. The plane bisecting an object into two identical halves is known as the plane of symmetry. A molecule having a plane of symmetry in any conformation is always identical to its mirror image and such molecules are achiral in nature.
(b)
Interpretation:
The enantiomers of Darvon needs to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The enantiomer is a non-superimposable mirror image of the molecule having a chiral center. A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as a carbon atom attached to 4 different groups.
(c)
Interpretation:
A diastereomers of Darvon needs to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The stereoisomers which are not mirror image are known as diastereomers. They are non-superimposable on one another. Stereoisomers with two or more stereocenters can be diastereomers.
(d)
Interpretation:
Anisomer of Darvon needs to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
An isomer is defined as a chemical species with the same number or types of elements as another species in two molecules with different arrangements in the space.
(e)
Interpretation:
The Fischer projections for Darvon needs to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
For a molecule with a chiral center, the Fischer projection formula is written to describe the stereo arrangement of atoms in two dimensions. For large molecules with more than 1 stereocenters are also represent their stereochemistry using the Fischer Projection. The carbon chain of the molecule containing the chiral carbon center is represented as a vertical line with chiral carbon at the center. Two other groups are then horizontally arranged around the chiral carbon atom.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 15 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
- A chemoselective reaction describes a reaction where Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a one enantiomer selectively reacts over another b one diastereomer selectively reacts over another c one functional group selectively reacts over another d one constitutional isomer selectively reacts over another e epoxides are synthesizedarrow_forwardEthyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l)CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)⟶H+CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.40 g of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield, The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.45g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol?arrow_forwardEthyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Part A Given 7.30 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. Part B A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.95 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. Part C The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.30 gg of…arrow_forward
- Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Given 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.50 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess…arrow_forwardWhy are ethers used as inhalation in general anesthetics? Describe why we do no use diethyl ether as a general inhalation anesthetics anymore? What are we using today as general inhalation anesthetics? Are there draw backs to modern day inhalation as the anesthetics?arrow_forwardWhat is the IUPAC name for the following compound? CH₂CH₂CH -N–CHỊCH,CHỊCH, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH, Propylheptylcyclobutylamine Dibutylheptylamine None of the answers are true ON-cyclobutyl-N-heptyl-1-butanamine O N-butyl-N-cyclobutyl-1-heptanaminearrow_forward
- H₂C ہو H₂C Would your compound give a positive Tollen's test? Why or why not?arrow_forwardLabel each of the following structures as a hemiacetal, hemiketal, acetal, ketal, or none of these: a. c. b.arrow_forwardOne of the analgesics has a chiral center. Which compound is it? One of the two enantiomers is far more effective at reducing pain than the other.arrow_forward
- Both the melting point and boiling point of acetamide are higher than those of its N,N- dimethyl derivative. How do you account for these differences? CH,CNH, CH,CN(CH3), N,N-Dimethylacetamide mp -20°C, bp 165°C Acetamide mp 82.3°C, bp 221.2°Carrow_forwardThe following molecule belongs to a class of compounds called enediols. Each carbon of the double bond carries an —OH group: Draw structural formulas for the α-hydroxyketone and the α-hydroxyaldehyde with which this enediol is in equilibrium. α-hydroxyketone α-hydroxyaldehydearrow_forwardA: aromatic compound B: 4 C: N X 28 N 0 Carrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningMacroscale and Microscale Organic ExperimentsChemistryISBN:9781305577190Author:Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. MastersPublisher:Brooks Cole
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning