To determine: The possibility to treat health conditions such as obesity by manipulating the microbiome.
Introduction: Microbiome consists of microbes that live on or in the human body. These microbes are essential for the survival of human beings. The genetic and
To determine: The method by which gut microbiome treat conditions such as obesity.
Introduction: Microbiome consists of microbes that live on or in the human body. These microbes are essential for the survival of human beings. The genetic and metabolic activities of these microbes contribute a lot in maintaining the proper health conditions in humans.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 15 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
- There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. What measures have been taken to stop BSE?arrow_forwardThere have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. If you were traveling in Europe, would you eat beef? Give sound reasons why or why not.arrow_forwardOver the years research shows the effect of dietary interventions (prebiotic spike-ins, meal replacement) on the gut microbiome and found some interesting (and mixed!) results. Can the use of dietary supplements/meal replacement strategies used in a clinical/healthcare setting to help people with certain gut conditions? What will be some positives and negatives to using these dietary therapies?arrow_forward
- A microbiologist argued that there is no such thing as “normal” microbiota of the human body, since the population is dynamic and is constantly changing, depending on diet and external environment. What would be an argument against this microbiologist’s view?arrow_forwardIn about 250-350 words, address the following: First Part Describe the process of digestion, naming all the organs involved. Describe the process of absorption be sure to differentiate between digestion and absorption Second Part Explain the role of the microbiome Search the internet for a research study on the gut microbiome and its effect on health. Academic Resources. Summarize the study findings, including how many people or animals were studied, what was studied, and the results of the study Cite your source in AMA or APA format at the bottom of your post Organize your post using paragraphs to separate thoughts and ideas.arrow_forwardThe intestinal epithelium produces a variety of antimicrobial peptides that play a crucial role in establishing the balance of commensal organisms versus pathogens constituting the healthy host microbiota. Studies have found that, in Crohn's disease, individuals have dysbiosis, a condition in which there is disruption of the normal composition of the host microbiota. It is, therefore, not surprising that several cases of Crohn's disease have been linked to: Reduced recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa O Increased IL-10 secretion by intestinal macrophages O Reduced production of IL-1-3 in response to microbial antigens O Defects in production of antimicrobial peptides in Paneth cells O Reduced number of Th17 cells in the lamina propriaarrow_forward
- how does Crohn’s disease get impacted by our gut microbiotaarrow_forwardWhich of the following diseases of the digestive system can be caused by bacteria? Group of answer choices appendicitis ulcers all of these diarrheaarrow_forwardin your own words, what is the accuracy of claims about chron's disease being impacted by our gut microbiotaarrow_forward
- C. diff is a debilitating disease that often inflicts patients in the hospital after a course of antibiotics. In the past, the go to treatment for this was to administer more antibiotics...but now, an alternative treatment seems to be a better option. The FMT - fecal microbiota transplant or short "poop" or "fecal" transplant. What is it and how does it work? What is C. diff? Would you get it of you were suffering from C. diff? Why or why not? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZxRp-f3ElY&feature=emb_logoarrow_forwardDirections Consider the following article: Revisit gut microbiota and its impact on human health and disease Our gut microbiome has been shown to be a key modulator of human health. The organisms that are part of our normal gut microflora have been proven to be involved in many aspects of our overall health. There are more microbes in and on us than we have human cells. Not only bacteria, but fungi, viruses, and other microbes are present in and on the human body. Initial Post For your initial discussion post, research one of the major human diseases, longevity, or infant health that have been shown to be impacted by our gut microbiota and discuss the accuracy and validity of the claims. How can we best utilize this knowledge in our own lives? Can we help those we love with their health issues by helping to modify their gut microbiota? Include supportive information from at least one credible source and the reference for your source in APA format.arrow_forwardWhat is the gut microbiome? Is it inside every human body? Is it an organarrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning