University Physics Volume 1
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168277
Author: William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: OpenStax - Rice University
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 49P
The “mean” orbital radius listed for astronomical objects orbiting the Sun is typically not an integrated average but is calculated such that it gives the correct period when applied to the equation for circular orbits. Given that, what is the mean orbital radius in terms of aphelion and perihelion?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
The average distance between Earth and the Sun is 1.5 ✕ 1011 m.
(a)
Calculate the average speed of Earth in its orbit (assumed to be circular) in meters per second
(b)
What is this speed in miles per hour?
Please answer B
A rocket is designed to be launched to space with
an acceleration defined by the equation given
below where "y" is the altitude of the rocket in the
time of flight and "R" is the radius of the earth
equal to 6,400 kilometers.
a) What is the minimum value of velocity so that
the rocket will not fall back to earth. In this case
use the situation that the final velocity is zero as
the value of "y" approaches infinity. Express
your answer in unit of km/hr.
b) What should be the value of the initial velocity
of the rocket if it has to reach a velocity of
1,500 m/s at an altitude of 5 kilometers above
the ground? Express your answer in unit of
km/hr.
c) The rocket was launched at a velocity equal to
8,900 m/s. How much altitude will the rocket
gain at an instance the velocity is 5,000 m/s?
Express your answer in unit of meter.
Note:
a = -9.81[R² / (R + y)²]
Schwarzschild radius RS of a black hole is the maximum
distance from the black hole’s center at which light cannot escape its
gravitational field. The quantity RS (with dimensions of length) is
dependent on the mass of the black hole M, the speed of light c, and
the gravitational constant G. Based on the dimensions of these four
parameters, predict an equation for the Schwarzschild radius. Hint:
G has dimensions of [L3/MT2]
Chapter 13 Solutions
University Physics Volume 1
Ch. 13 - Check Your Understanding What happens to force and...Ch. 13 - Check Your Understanding How does your weight at...Ch. 13 - Check Your Understanding Why not use the simpler...Ch. 13 - Check Your Understanding If we send a probe out of...Ch. 13 - Check Your Understanding Assume you are in a...Ch. 13 - Check Your Understanding By what factor must the...Ch. 13 - Check Your Understanding There is another...Ch. 13 - Check Your Understanding Galaxies are not single...Ch. 13 - Check Your Understanding The nearly circular orbit...Ch. 13 - Check Your Understanding Earth exerts a tidal...
Ch. 13 - Check Your Understanding Consider the density...Ch. 13 - Action at a distance, such as is the case for...Ch. 13 - In the law of universal gravitation, Newton...Ch. 13 - Must engineers take Earth’s rotation into account...Ch. 13 - It was stated that a satellite with negative total...Ch. 13 - It was shown that the energy required to lift a...Ch. 13 - One student argues that a satellite in orbit is in...Ch. 13 - Many satellites are placed in geosynchronous...Ch. 13 - Are Kepler’s laws purely descriptive, or do they...Ch. 13 - In the diagram below for a satellite in an...Ch. 13 - As an object falls into a black hole, tidal forces...Ch. 13 - The principle of equivalence states that all...Ch. 13 - As a person approaches the Schwarzschild radius fo...Ch. 13 - Evaluate the magnitude of gravitational force...Ch. 13 - Estimate the gravitational force between two sumo...Ch. 13 - Astrology makes much of the position of the...Ch. 13 - A mountain 10.0 km from a person exerts a...Ch. 13 - The International Space Station has a mass of...Ch. 13 - Asteroid Toutatis passed near Earth in 2006 at...Ch. 13 - (a) What was the acceleration of Earth caused by...Ch. 13 - (a) Calculate Earth’s mass given the acceleratioln...Ch. 13 - (a) What is the acceleration due to gravity on the...Ch. 13 - (a) Calculate the acceleration due to gravity on...Ch. 13 - The mass of a particle is 15 kg. (a) What is its...Ch. 13 - On a planet whose radius is 1.2107m , the...Ch. 13 - The mean diameter of the planet Saturn is 1.2108m...Ch. 13 - The mean diameter of the planet Mercury is...Ch. 13 - The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of...Ch. 13 - A body on the surface of a planet with the same...Ch. 13 - Find the escape speed of a projectile from the...Ch. 13 - Find the escape speed of a projectile from the...Ch. 13 - What is the escape speed of a satellite located at...Ch. 13 - (a) Evaluate the gravitational potential energy...Ch. 13 - An average-sized asteroid located 5.0107km from...Ch. 13 - (a) What will be the kinetic energy of the...Ch. 13 - (a) What is the change in energy of a 1000-kg...Ch. 13 - If a planet with 1.5 times the mass of Earth was...Ch. 13 - Two planets in circular orbits around a star have...Ch. 13 - Using the average distance of Earth from the Sun,...Ch. 13 - What is the orbital radius of an Earth satellite...Ch. 13 - Calculate the mass of the Sun based on data for...Ch. 13 - Find the mass of Jupiter based on the fact that I0...Ch. 13 - Astronomical observatrions of our Milky Way galaxy...Ch. 13 - (a) In order to keep a small satellite from...Ch. 13 - The Moon and Earth rotate about their common...Ch. 13 - The Sun orbits the Milky Way galaxy once each...Ch. 13 - A geosynchronous Earth satellite is one that has...Ch. 13 - Calculate the mass of the Sun based on data for...Ch. 13 - I0 orbits Jupiter with an average radius of...Ch. 13 - The “mean” orbital radius listed for astronomical...Ch. 13 - The perihelion of Halley’s comet is 0.586 AU and...Ch. 13 - The perihelion of the comet Legerkvist is 2.61 AU...Ch. 13 - What is the ratio of the speed at perihelion to...Ch. 13 - Eros has an elliptical orbit about the Sun, with a...Ch. 13 - What is the difference between the force on a...Ch. 13 - If the Sun were to collapse into a black hole, the...Ch. 13 - Consider Figure 13.23 in Tidal Forces. This...Ch. 13 - What is the Schwarzschild radius for the black...Ch. 13 - What would be the Schwarzschild radius, in light...Ch. 13 - A neutron star is a cold, collapsed star with...Ch. 13 - (a) How far from the center of Earth would the net...Ch. 13 - How far from the center of the Sun would the net...Ch. 13 - Calculate the values of g at Earth’s surface for...Ch. 13 - Suppose you can communicate with the inhabitants...Ch. 13 - (a) Suppose that your measured weight at the...Ch. 13 - A body of mass 100 kg is weighed at the North Pole...Ch. 13 - Find the speed needed to escape from the solar...Ch. 13 - Consider the previous problem and include the fact...Ch. 13 - A comet is observed 1.50 AU from the Sun with a...Ch. 13 - An asteroid has speed 15.5km/s when it is located...Ch. 13 - Space debris left from old satellites and their...Ch. 13 - A satellite of mass 1000 kg is in circular orbit...Ch. 13 - After Cares was promoted to a dwarf planet, we now...Ch. 13 - (a) Using the data in the previous problem for the...Ch. 13 - What is the orbital velocity of our solar system...Ch. 13 - (a) Using the information in the previous problem,...Ch. 13 - Circular orbits in Equation 13.10 for conic...Ch. 13 - Show that for eccentricity equal to one in...Ch. 13 - Using the technique shown in Satellite Orbits and...Ch. 13 - Given the perihelion distance, p , and aphelion...Ch. 13 - Comet P/1999 R1 has a perihelion of 0.0570 AU and...Ch. 13 - A tunnel is dug through the center of a perfectly...Ch. 13 - Following the technique used in Gravitation Near...Ch. 13 - Show that the areal velocity for a circular orbit...Ch. 13 - Show that the period of orbit for two masses, m1...Ch. 13 - Show that for small changes in height h, such that...Ch. 13 - Using Figure 13.9, carefull sketch a free body...Ch. 13 - (a) Show that tidal force on a small object of...Ch. 13 - Find the Hohmann transfer velocities,...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Which color of light has the greatest energy output in Figure 1?
Figure 1
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
The pV-diagram of the Carnot cycle.
Sears And Zemansky's University Physics With Modern Physics
Which cart takes longer to travel between the two marks? Explain your reasoning.
Tutorials in Introductory Physics
4 * The x- and y-components of several unknown forces are listed below (Fx,Fy). For each force, draw on an x, y...
College Physics
An electron is accelerated horizontally from rest in a television picture tube by a potential difference of 550...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The mean diameter of the planet Mercury is 4.88106m , and the acceleration due to gravity at its surface is 3.78m/s2 . Estimate the mass of this planet.arrow_forwardShow that for small changes in height h, such that hRE , Equation 13.4 reduces to the expression U=mgh .arrow_forwardThe average distance between Earth and the Sun is 1.5 × 1011 m. (a) Calculate the average speed of Earth in its orbit (assumed to be circular) in meters per second. (b) What is this speed in miles per hour?arrow_forward
- (a) Compute the mass of the earth from knowledge of the earth-moon distance (3.84 * 10^8 m) and of the lunar period (27.3 days). (b) Then calculate the average density of the earth. The average radius of the earth is 6.38 * 10^6 m.arrow_forwardThe acceleration due to gravity, g, is constant at sea level on the Earth's surface. However, the acceleration decreases as an object moves away from the Earth's surface due to the increase in distance from the center of the Earth. Derive an expression for the acceleration due to gravity at a distance h above the surface of the Earth, gh. Express the equation in terms of the radius R of the Earth, 8, and h. (1+ )² h\-2 8h = Suppose a 91.75 kg hiker has ascended to a height of 1.880 x 10³ m above sea level in the process of climbing Mt. Washington. By what percent has the hiker's weight changed from its value at sea level as a result of climbing to this elevation? Use g 9.807 m/s? and R : 6.371 × 106 m. Pay careful attention to significant figure rules, and enter your answer as a positive value.arrow_forwardNewton's universal law of gravitation can be stated as the force F of gravitation between two objects varies jointly as the masses m, and m, of the objects, and Gm,m2 inversely as the square of the distance r between their centers, where G is the constant of proportionality. In other words, F = The weight of an object is the force F on the object due to gravity, where F = mg. State how g (the acceleration due to gravity) varies with respect to the mass m, of the spherical body on which the object lies, and the radius of that body (assume all of the mass is at its center.). The acceleration due to gravity, g, varies as the spherical body's mass, and asarrow_forward
- The height at which the acceleration due to gravity becomes (g/9) (where g=acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the earth) in terms of the radius of the earth (R) is-arrow_forwardKepler's third law states that the relationship between the mean distance d (in astronomical units) of a planet from the Sun and the time t (in years) it takes the planet to orbit the Sun can be given by d^3 = t^2. (A). It takes Venus 0.616 years to orbit the Sun. Find the mean distance of Venus from the Sun (in astronomical units). (B). The mean distance of Jupiter from the Sun is 5.24 astronomical units. How many years does it take Jupiter to orbit the Sun?arrow_forwardTidal friction is slowing the rotation of the Earth. As a result, the orbit of the Moon is increasing in radius at a rate of approximately 4 cm/year. Assuming this to be a constant rate, how many years will pass before the radius of the Moon's orbit increases by 3.84×106 m (1%)?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- University Physics Volume 1PhysicsISBN:9781938168277Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStax - Rice UniversityPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics Volume 1
Physics
ISBN:9781938168277
Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning