Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12.1, Problem 1CR
Describe the basic principles of gene amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). How have thermophilic and hyperthermophilic prokaryotes simplified the use of PCR?
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Why is it important to use a hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase in PCR?
a) Because only hyperthermophiles have DNA polymerases.
b) Because hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase is able to resist the saline reaction conditions.
c) Because hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase is faster than other polymerases.
d) Because hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase is able to resist denaturation at 95℃.
What are secondary metabolites? In terms of biotechnology, how do we get bacteria to produce them with cloning technology? Explain the stages in schematics and explanations.
Metagenomics has revolutionized our understanding of the microbial world by allowing the study of organisms that had been impossible to
culture. Understanding the Lokiarchaeota required metagenomics analysis, which has also led to the identification of the eukaryotic signature
genes in other environments. The terms below relate to genes and genetic analysis. Drag each term to the correct description.
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and that has a different function (this occurs through gene duplication)
: the study of genetic material from an environmental sample
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: a group of organisms in a phylogeny that have a common ancestor
: a gene that is related in different species by being inherited from a common ancestor
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and that has the same function
: a gene that is related in different species by being inherited from a common ancestor
: a gene that…
Chapter 12 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - Why is a primer needed at each end of the DNA...Ch. 12.1 - How does RT-PCR differ from traditional PCR?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.1 - Describe the basic principles of gene...Ch. 12.2 - What is the purpose of molecular cloning?Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.3 - How can the bacteriophage T7 promoter be used to...Ch. 12.3 - What major advantage does cloning mammalian genes...
Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.4 - How can site-directed mutagenesis be useful to...Ch. 12.4 - What is used to alter more than a few base pairs...Ch. 12.4 - What are knockout mutations?Ch. 12.4 - What does site-directed mutagenesis allow you to...Ch. 12.5 - What is a reporter gene? The product of which...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.5 - Describe two widely used reporter genes.Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.7 - Give an example of a genetically modified plant...Ch. 12.7 - How have transgenic salmon been engineered to...Ch. 12.7 - What is the Ti plasmid and how has it been of use...Ch. 12.8 - Explain why recombinant vaccines might be safer...Ch. 12.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.8 - What is a subunit vaccine and why are subunit...Ch. 12.9 - Explain why metagenomic cloning gives large...Ch. 12.9 - What types of environments are often sampled to...Ch. 12.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.9 - How has metagenomics been used to find novel...Ch. 12.10 - How has Caldicellulosiruptor been modified to...Ch. 12.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.10 - What has been the limiting factor in engineering...Ch. 12.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.11 - What are biobricks?Ch. 12.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.11 - How was Escherichia coli modified to produce a...Ch. 12.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.12 - How is recombinant DNA inserted into a genome...Ch. 12.12 - How has the CRISPR editing technology been applied...Ch. 12.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.13 - How can a tRNA be engineered to encode for a...Ch. 12.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.13 - What are some mechanisms for controlling a...Ch. 12 - Suppose you have just determined the DNA base...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2AQCh. 12 - Prob. 3AQCh. 12 - Describe how you could recode Escherichia coli to...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- PCR has many useful applications. However, an incorrect application of PCR is: a) Amplification of any gene of interest from genomic DNA b) Screening various foods for genes that are typical in genetically modified organisms c) Identification of microbial DNA in a sample (viral or bacterial) d) Amplification of any protein of interestarrow_forwardPolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) works by exposing the reaction to a series of temperature changes. In 150 words or fewer, describe 1.) the different stages of a single PCR cycle, 2.) how many cycles of PCR your reactions will undergo, and 3.) why multiple cycles are necessary.arrow_forwardQuantitative PCR differs from regular PCR in that it uses [A] to [B] the amount of [C] in a sample. It cannot quantify [D] unless it is first made into [F]. Match each of the following to its appropriate letter: quantify, cDNA, RNA, DNA or RNA, fluorescence. 1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E Here are the choices for the questions a) quantify b) RNA c) cDNA d) fluorescence e) DNA or RNAarrow_forward
- What are the reagents used for Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and Reverse Transcriptase–Real time–PCR (RT-qPCR)?arrow_forwardRestriction enzymes Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a) occur naturally in many bacteria b) are proteins c) both a and b d. d) none of the above a. C.arrow_forwardWhere is the key difference between the reactions that result in the final product of fermentation to form lactic acid or alcohol? What is the significance of these differences in terms of biotechnology?arrow_forward
- Jackson Wang is a biologist working with the genetics of a thermophilic bacterium. He cloned a heat shock gene from the bacteria for further analysis. After cloning, he isolated the plasmid carrying his gene of interest for sequencing. Jackson finally received the nucleotide sequence of his gene. Explain in detail how he could verify whether the nucleotide sequence matches his gene of interest using the bioinformatics databases available.arrow_forwardWhy is the DNA polymerase used in PCR derived from an extreme thermophile bacteria species rather than a mesophile bacteria species? (be sure to describe the mesophile DNA polymerase as well as the extreme thermophile DNA polymerase.)arrow_forwardWhat is PCR bias? Why is it undesirable?arrow_forward
- If a uidA amplicon generateed by PCR is 200bp and the DNA fragments resulting from the restriction digest fall with 1000bp and 4000bp, which gel should be more concentrated? a) Higher concentration agarose b) Lower concetration agarose?arrow_forwardWhat are the advantages of PCR?arrow_forwarda) Which step of RT-PCR reactions does the figure shown below represents? b) Describe all enzyme(s) and name the molecule(s) that take part or are products of this step? Enzymes: Molecule 1: Molecule 2: Molecule 3:arrow_forward
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