Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11.1, Problem 1CR
Write a one-sentence definition of the term "genotype." Do the same for "
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A gene is composed of two alleles. An allele can be either dominant or recessive. Suppose that a husband and wife, who are both carriers of the sickle-cell anemia
allele but do not have the disease, decide to have a child. Because both parents are carriers of the disease, each has one dominant normal-cell allele (S) and one
recessive sickle-cell allele (s). Therefore, the genotype of each parent is Ss. Each parent contributes one allele to his or her offspring with each allele being equally
likely. Complete parts a) through c) below.
a) Genes are always written with the dominant gene first. Therefore, there are two instances the offspring could have genotype Ss (one if the mother contributes the
dominant allele and the father contributes the non-dominant allele; and one if the father contributes the dominant allele and the mother contributes the non-dominant
allele). List the other two possible genotypes of the offspring.
(Use a comma to separate answers as needed.)
The A and B alleles are codominant, and the O allele is recessive. An AB blood type mother has children with a B blood type father (genotype BO). What are the chances that their offspring will have AB-type blood? Express in percentage.
The colors of chicken feathers follow a codominant pattern. Both Black (B) and White (W) feathers are dominant phenotypes while checkered (BW) is the heterozygous phenotype. Show a cross between 2 checkered chickens.
1. P1:
2. Punnett Square:
3. Genotype symbols:
4. Genotype in words:
5. Genotypic ratio:
6. Genotypic %:
7. Phenotype symbols:
8. Phenotype in words:
9. Phenotypic ratio:
10. Phenotypic %:
Chapter 11 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - Distinguish between a mutation and a mutant.Ch. 11.1 - Distinguish between screening and selection.Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 11.1 - Write a one-sentence definition of the term...Ch. 11.2 - Do missense mutations occur in genes encoding...Ch. 11.2 - Why do frameshift mutations generally have more...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 11.3 - Why are suppressor tRNA mutations not lethal?Ch. 11.3 - Which class of mutation, missense or nonsense, is...Ch. 11.3 - What is the difference between same-site and...
Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 11.5 - Which protein, found in virtually all cells,...Ch. 11.5 - Explain the fate of transferred chromosomal DNA if...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 11.5 - What are heteroduplex regions of DNA and what...Ch. 11.6 - During transformation a cell usually incorporates...Ch. 11.6 - In genetic transformation, what is meant by the...Ch. 11.6 - QExplain why recipient cells do not successfully...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.7 - What is the major difference between generalized...Ch. 11.7 - Why is phage conversion considered beneficial to...Ch. 11.7 - QExplain how a generalized transducing particle...Ch. 11.8 - In conjugation, how are donor and recipient cells...Ch. 11.8 - Explain how rolling circle DNA replication allows...Ch. 11.8 - QWhat is a sex pilus and which cell type, F or F+,...Ch. 11.9 - In conjugation involving the F plasmid of...Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 11.9 - QWhat is a merodiploid and how does an F plasmid...Ch. 11.10 - Why is it usually more difficult to select...Ch. 11.10 - Why do penicillins not kill species of Archaea?Ch. 11.10 - Explain one type of conjugation in Archaea and how...Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.11 - What is the significance of the terminal inverted...Ch. 11.11 - How can transposons be used in bacterial genetics?Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 11.12 - Why is the CRISPR system considered a prokaryotic...Ch. 11.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.12 - QExplain why incoming DNA recognized by a short...Ch. 11 - A constitutive mutant is a strain that...Ch. 11 - Although a large number of mutagenic chemicals are...Ch. 11 - Why is it difficult in a single experiment to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4AQ
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In pre-DNA fingerprint days, blood type was often used in paternity disputes to exclude possible fathers. If the man in question has type B blood, and the child has type A blood, and the mother has type AB blood, can the man be the father of the child? Group of answer choices Yes, but only if he is homozygous for the B allele No Yes, but only if he is heterozygous for the B allele Yes, but only if both of his parents were Type ABarrow_forwardThe dominance pattern of a gene can be determined from the phenotypes of the parents and offspring. In the examples below, assume that each parent is homozygous for the specific allele and that the progeny are heterozygous. Classify each example as either complete dominance, incomplete dominance, or codominance. Complete dominance Incomplete dominance Codominance Answer Bank A black sheep and a white sheep produce a gray lamb. A white cow and a red bull have a calf that is white with red spots (roan colored). A mother with type A blood and a father with type B blood have a daughter with type AB blood. A pea plant with all purple flowers and a pea plant with all white flowers produce a pea plant with all purple flowers. A moth with red wings and a moth with yellow wings produce a moth with orange wings.arrow_forwardIn giraffes, long neck is dominant to short neck. Long neck is denoted by the dominant allele, N, while short neck is denoted by a recessive allele, n. Write the genotype and phenotype for the following organisms: homozygous dominant organism, homozygous recessive organism, and heterozygous organism.arrow_forward
- What are two possible explanations for why the same genotype (DNA) can result in different phenotypes (result)arrow_forwardThe dosage of X chromosome expression is equalized between male and female mammals. Think about the example of calico cats to answer the following questions. Use Xb to represent the allele for black fur, XB to represent the allele for orange fur. What genotype(s) of female cats is/are expected to have a calico coat? Is it possible to have a calico cat that is male? Explain.arrow_forwardSuppose a mutant fruit fly with blue eyes was recently discovered. It is later determined that the blue eye trait is recessive to the wild-type red eye trait. What is the most common way to represent the mutant and wild-type alleles?. Choices are Mutant: Bl, bl Wild-type: Bl+ , re, bl+, or wtarrow_forward
- ***18. Complete this flowchart to show how different alleles can result in different characteristics. In the DNA, different alleles of a gene have a different sequence of > different sequence of transcription > different sequence of in a protein translation > different structure and function of the protein (e.g. normal enzyme vs. defective enzyme) > different characteristics (e.g. normal color vs. albino) inarrow_forwardPlease read the scenario below, and then answer the question (in bold) that follows. In cats, the allele (B) produces a black coat color and the allele (b) produces a yellow coat color. These alleles are incompletely dominant to each other. A heterozygote produces a tortoise shell coat color. The alleles (B) and (b) are also sex-linked (i.e., they are carried on the X chromosome), and cats possess an XX-XY sex determination system, like humans. If a female cat with a tortoise shell coat mated with a male cat who had a yellow coat... What percentage of their offspring will have tortoise shell coats? a. 0% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75% e. 100%arrow_forwardPlease read the scenario below, and then answer the question (in bold) that follows. In cats, the allele (B) produces a black coat color and the allele (b) produces a yellow coat color. These alleles are incompletely dominant to each other. A heterozygote produces a tortoise shell coat color. The alleles (B) and (b) are also sex-linked (i.e., they are carried on the X chromosome), and cats possess an XX-XY sex determination system, like humans. If a female cat with a tortoise shell coat mated with a male cat who had a yellow coat... What gametes would be produced by the female (i.e., mother) cat? a. XBXb b. XB and Xb c. B and b d. Xb and Y e. None of the abovearrow_forward
- The fur color gene in rabbits has a dominant allele B with a black phenotype and a recessive allele with a brown phenotype. The rabbit hair length gene has a dominant allele S for short hair, and a long hair recessive allele s. In a cross between a homozygous black-long-hair rabbit with a homozygous brown-short rabbit, what would be the genotype(s) B_s_ v and phenotype(s) [ Select ] of the F1 generation? What would be the genotype(s) [ Select ] and phenotype(s) [ Select ] of the F2 generation?arrow_forwardConsider the following scenario: A man without freckles (freckles are a dominant trait, determined by the dominant allele “F”) is a carrier of cystic fibrosis (recall that CF is a recessive trait, determined by the recessive allele "a"), mates with a woman whose genotype is heterozygous for freckles and is also a carrier of CF. Assume the two genes in question are in different chromosomes and, therefore, assort independently. Complete the following Punnett square to generate the offspring probabilities from this couple, by entering the genotypes of the parents, the gametes, and the offspring for the two traits described above. (4) Father’s genotype ffAa Mother’s genotypeFfAa ● Sperm: fA ● Sperm: fa ● Sperm: fA ● Sperm: fa ● Egg: FA ● Egg: fA ● Egg: Fa ● Egg: fa What is the probability for this couple to have a child with freckles? What is the…arrow_forwardIf a B is a dominant allele that codes for a trait where the bearer of this allele has a black coat, and b is a recessive allele where the bearer has a brown coat, the recessive genotype will exhibit the phenotype of brown coat, the genotype will have the black coat phenotype, and the dominant genotype will have the black coat phenotype. (Use either heterozygous or homozygous in the blanks.)arrow_forward
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