Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 85E
The density of aluminum is 2.7 g/cm3; that of silicon is 2.3 g/cm3. Explain why Si has the lower density even though it has heavier atoms.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Ch. 10 - In terms of their bulk properties, how do liquids...Ch. 10 - In terms of the kinetic molecular theory, in what...Ch. 10 - In terms of the kinetic molecular theory, in what...Ch. 10 - Explain why liquids assume the shape of any...Ch. 10 - What is the evidence that all neutral atoms and...Ch. 10 - Open the PhET States of Matter Simulation...Ch. 10 - Define the following and give an example of each:...Ch. 10 - The types of intermolecular forces in a substance...Ch. 10 - Why do the boiling points of the noble gases...Ch. 10 - Neon and HF have approximately the same molecular...
Ch. 10 - Arrange each of the following sets of compounds in...Ch. 10 - The molecular mass of butanol, C4H9OH, is 74.14;...Ch. 10 - On the basis of intermolecular attractions,...Ch. 10 - On the basis of dipole moments and/or hydrogen...Ch. 10 - The melting point of H2O(s) is O C. Would you...Ch. 10 - Silane SiH4, phosphine (PH3), and hydrogen sulfide...Ch. 10 - Explain why a hydrogen bond between two water...Ch. 10 - Under certain conditions, molecules of acetic...Ch. 10 - Proteins are chains of amino acids that can form...Ch. 10 - The density of liquid NH3 is 0.64 g/mL; the...Ch. 10 - Identify the intermolecular forces present in the...Ch. 10 - The test tubes shown here contain equal amounts of...Ch. 10 - Although steel is denser than water, a steel...Ch. 10 - The surface tension and viscosity values for...Ch. 10 - You may have heard someone use the figure of...Ch. 10 - It is often recommended that you let your car...Ch. 10 - The surface tension and viscosity of water at...Ch. 10 - At 25 C, how high will water rise in a glass...Ch. 10 - Water rises in a glass capillary tube to a height...Ch. 10 - Heat is added to boiling water. Explain why the...Ch. 10 - Heat is added to ice at 0 C. Explain why the...Ch. 10 - What feature characterizes the dynamic equilibrium...Ch. 10 - Identify two common observations indicating some...Ch. 10 - Identify two common observations indicating some...Ch. 10 - What is the relationship between the...Ch. 10 - What is the relationship between the...Ch. 10 - Why does spilled gasoline evaporate more rapidly...Ch. 10 - Carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, was once used as a dry...Ch. 10 - When is the boiling point of a liquid equal to its...Ch. 10 - How does the boiling of a liquid differ from its...Ch. 10 - Use the information in Figure 10.24 to estimate...Ch. 10 - A syringe at a temperature of 20 C is filled with...Ch. 10 - Explain the following observations: (a) It takes...Ch. 10 - The enthalpy of vaporization of water is larger...Ch. 10 - Explain why the molar enthalpies of vaporization...Ch. 10 - Explain why the enthalpies of vaporization of the...Ch. 10 - The enthalpy of vaporization of CO2(l) is 9.8...Ch. 10 - The hydrogen fluoride molecule, HF, is more polar...Ch. 10 - Ethyl chloride (boiling point, 13 C) is used as a...Ch. 10 - Which contains the compounds listed correctly in...Ch. 10 - How much heat is required to convert 422 g of...Ch. 10 - Evaporation of sweat requires energy and thus take...Ch. 10 - Titanium tetrachloride, TiCl4, has a melting point...Ch. 10 - From the phase diagram for water (Figure 10.31),...Ch. 10 - What phase changes will take place when water is...Ch. 10 - Pressure cookers allow food to cook faster because...Ch. 10 - From the phase diagram for carbon dioxide in...Ch. 10 - Determine the phase changes that carbon dioxide...Ch. 10 - Consider a cylinder containing a mixture of liquid...Ch. 10 - Dry ice, CO2(s) , does not melt at atmospheric...Ch. 10 - If a severe storm results in the loss of...Ch. 10 - Is it possible to liquefy nitrogen at room...Ch. 10 - Elemental carbon has one gas phase, one liquid...Ch. 10 - What types of liquids typically form amorphous...Ch. 10 - At very low temperatures oxygen, O2, freezes and...Ch. 10 - As it cools, olive oil slowly solidifies and forms...Ch. 10 - Explain why ice, which is a crystalline solid, has...Ch. 10 - Identify the type of crystalline solid (metallic,...Ch. 10 - Identify the type of crystalline solid (metallic,...Ch. 10 - Classify each substance in the table as either a...Ch. 10 - Classify each substance in the table as either a...Ch. 10 - Identify the following substances as ionic,...Ch. 10 - Substance A is shiny, conducts electricity well,...Ch. 10 - Substance B is hard, does not conduct electricity,...Ch. 10 - Describe the crystal structure of iron, which...Ch. 10 - Describe the crystal structure of Pt, which...Ch. 10 - What is the coordination number of a chromium atom...Ch. 10 - What is the coordination number of an aluminum...Ch. 10 - Cobalt metal crystallizes in a hexagonal closest...Ch. 10 - Nickel metal crystallizes in a cubic closest...Ch. 10 - Tungsten crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 10 - Platinum (atomic radius =1.38) crystallizes in a...Ch. 10 - Barium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic unit...Ch. 10 - Aluminum (atomic radius = 1.43 ) crystallizes in a...Ch. 10 - The density of aluminum is 2.7 g/cm3; that of...Ch. 10 - The free space in a metal may be found by...Ch. 10 - Cadmium sulfide, sometimes used as a yellow...Ch. 10 - A compound of cadmium, tin, and phosphorus is used...Ch. 10 - What is the formula of the magnetic oxide of...Ch. 10 - A compound containing zinc, aluminum, and sulfur...Ch. 10 - A compound of thallium and iodine crystallizes in...Ch. 10 - Which of the following elements reacts with sulfur...Ch. 10 - What is the percent by mass of titanium in rutile,...Ch. 10 - Explain why the chemically similar alkali metal...Ch. 10 - As minerals were formed from the molten magma,...Ch. 10 - Rubidium iodide crystallizes with a cubic unit...Ch. 10 - One of the various manganese oxides crystallizes...Ch. 10 - NaH crystallizes with the same ciystal structure...Ch. 10 - Thallium(I) iodide crystallizes with the same...Ch. 10 - A cubic unit cell contains manganese ions at the...Ch. 10 - What is the spacing between crystal planes that...Ch. 10 - A diffracrometer using X-rays with a wavelength of...Ch. 10 - A metal with spacing between planes equal to...Ch. 10 - Gold crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 10 - When an electron in an excited molybdenum atom...
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- Write the full electron configuration of Si, Si+4 and Si-4. How many valence electrons are in each of the 3 Si atoms?arrow_forwardGive some examples of Silicates?arrow_forwardSince Na and Cs are both Group 1 metals we might expect the crystal structure of CsCl to be identical to the NaCl. Suggest a reason for the difference between the two crystal structures.arrow_forward
- 7.What is the point of silicon dioxide? 8. Why are careful stoichiometric calculations important for air bags and safety?arrow_forward4. The common oxidation number for an alkaline earth metal is +2. (a) Using the Born-Mayer equation (for determining the lattice enthalpy) and a Born-Haber cycle (draw it), show that CaCl is an exothermic compound (negative AHf). Make a reasonable prediction to estimate the ionic radius of Ca (explain your reasoning). The sublimation (atomization) enthalpy for Ca(s) is 178 kJ/mol. (b) Show that an explanation for the non-existence of CaCl can be found in the enthalpy change for the reaction below. The AHf for CaCl2(s) is -190.2 kcal/mol. 2 CaCl(s) → Ca(s) + CaCl2(s)arrow_forwardDefine the term silicates?arrow_forward
- • Density: In both solids and liquids, the molecules are held very closely together and therefore their densities are about the same. In gases, there is space between the molecules. • Molecular movement and order: The molecules in solids are arranged in a regular pattern that does not allow for diffusion, although does allow for vibrations. The arrangement of molecules in a liquid, although not completely random, is not completely fixed. Molecules in a gas are randomly arranged and move very quickly. Gases diffuse quickly in comparison to liquids. Compressibility and thermal expansion: Since the molecules in solids and liquids are already very close together, applying pressure does not greatly affect the volume. In contrast, the space between gas molecules allows for a great deal of compressibility. Although temperature changes will cause slight variations in the volume of a solid or liquid, those variations are negligible compared to the thermal expansion of a gas. Shape and…arrow_forwardThe first two steps in the industrial synthesis of nitric acid produce nitrogen dioxide from ammonia: 4 NH; (g) + 5 0, (g) = 4 NO (g) + 6 H,0 (g) K1 2 NO (3) +0, (g) = 2NO, (g) K2 The net reaction is: 4 NH; (g) + 70, (g) = 4 NO, (g) + 6 H,0 (g) K Write an equation that gives the overall equilibrium constant K in terms of the equilibrium constants K, and K,. If you need to include any physical constants, be sure you use their standard symbols, which you'll find in the ALEKS Calculator. K = oloarrow_forwardBriefly explain why steel, an alloy of iron, is usedto build the supporting structure of many buildings.arrow_forward
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