) Staphylococcus aureus use MreB proteins to organize their morphology (shap into cocci. ) Most bacteria will have maximum growth in a glucose-rich environment such a maple syrup. ) The table below shows that Streptococcus pyogenes is a facultative halophile Amount of Growth StavinilocoGGUS GUIGUS Strentococcus mosenes
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Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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- A batch of turkey rolls (10 lb—approximately 4.5 Kg—each) were cooked to 165°F internal temperature in bags, opened, sliced, vacuum-packaged, and stored at 40°F. The product was expected to have a refrigerated shelf life of 50 days. However, after 40 days, the packages contained gas and approximately 107 bacterial cells/g of meat. The bacterial species involved in the spoilage was found to be Leuconostoc carnosum, which is killed at 165°F. What could be the sources of the bacterial species in this cooked product?Two flasks of E. coli are grown in batch culture in the same medium (2% glucose and amino acids; no nitrate) and at the same temperature (378C). Culture #1 is well aerated. Culture #2 is anoxic. After 16 hours the following observations are made: ■ Culture #1 has a high cell density; the cells appear to be in stationary phase, and the glucose level in the medium is reduced to 1.2%. ■ Culture #2 has a low cell density; the cells appear to be in logarithmic phase, although their doubling time is prolonged (over 1 hour). The glucose level is reduced to 0.2%. Why does culture #2 have so little glucose remaining relative to culture #1, even though culture #2 displayed slower growth and has less biomass?Sulfur Indole Motility (SIM) Medium H2S produced, color and +/-: ______________________________ Indole present/Tryptophan hydrolysis, color and +/-: ___________________________ Motile or non-motile: _____________________________
- Prior to subculture, Tifa used a hemocytometer to count her HepG2 cells cultured on a T-25 flask. After trypsinization, she prepared her cells by mixing 50 µL of the cell suspension with 50 μL of 0.4% trypan blue. Her observation under the microscope is as shown below: 1 (1) (ii) 3 (iii) 2 (iv) 4 Note: Count cells on the four labelled squares. Include cells touching the line on top and left. 18P 06. ¿66 Ⓡ Determine the number of viable and dead cells from her observation. What is the percentage of viability of this culture? Show your calculations in detail. Calculate the concentration of viable cells per mL in the original culture. Show your calculations in detail. Based on your understanding of cell culture, do you think she should proceed with subculture? Justify your answer.Regarding the use of animal cells in culture, it is correct to state that: * (a) Low cost culture media composed of mineral salts and amino acids are used (b) Cells must be kept in semi-solid media, allowing them to come into contact with the atmosphere rich in carbon dioxide. (c) Greenhouses with controlled temperature and atmosphere composed predominantly of carbon monoxide are used (d) On an industrial scale, culture media supplemented with serum of animal origin are used, which makes them media of indefinite composition (e) Culture media must not be sterilized by autoclaving, preferably filtration and/or ionizing radiation methods are usedI need help with the following question: After graduating from university you decide to celebrate your success with a trip to Thailand during the summer. You rent a moped to visit an archeological site on the outskirts of Bangkok. On the way there you hit a patch of gravel and wipe out, badly scraping your leg. Lurking in the dirt embedded in the scrape on your leg is Burkholderia pseudomallei, a soil bacterium endemic in Southeast Asia but not present in North America. Describe the cellular and molecular processes necessary for the activation of a primary adaptive immune response and the effector mechanisms produced to clear the infection. Be specific in terms of receptors and effector molecules specific to the type of pathogen.
- Answer completely and correctly: A pure culture of an unknown bacterium was streaked onto plates of a variety of media. You notice that the colonymorphology is strikingly different on plates of minimal media with glucose compared to that seen on trypticase soy agar plates. How can you explain these differences in colony morphology?a. What oxygen requirements do your think this bacterium will have (obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe, facultative anaerobe, aerotolerant anaerobe, or microaerophile), and why? b. You run a thioglycollate test of your isolated bacterium. Based on your response to Part A, which thioglycollate tube best represents the result you would expect for your bacterium? Explain your response. If the result you would expect is not represented, explain what the tube should look like. c. What would you expect to be the result of a catalase test of your bacterium? d. What techniques or specialized equipment, if any, would you need to grow cultures of this bacterium?Answer the following questions: 1. Define a bacterial colony. 2. What is the difference between macroscopic and microscopic appearance of bacteria? 3. State the three standard terms used to describe single colonies on agar plates. 4. State and define the three types of growth that may be seen in a broth culture. 5. State three basic shapes of bacteria. 6. State and describe the different arrangements of cocci. 7. What is the difference between true motility and Brownian motion?
- Give typed full explanation of both question not written In January 2012, a physician in a Buenos Aires hospital telephoned the Ministry of Health (MOH) to report three possible cases of botulism. The patients, all men in their 30s, presented with drooping eyelids, double vision, difficulty swallowing, and respiratory problems. One patient had onset of symptoms on February 2, the other two on February 5. All three men worked in a local meat factory. What type of study is this? Case-control study Case series Ecologic study Cross-sectional study If the incidence rate of a very serious disease is 25 cases/100,000 person-months and the prevalence of this disease in the population is 75 cases/100,000 persons, what is the average survival time of individuals who contract this disease? 1 year 3 years 3 months 4 monthsWhy might clinical medicine have an interest in understanding bacterial cell division at the molecular level? Explain why a hyperthermophile would probably not be a human pathogen. Describe four factors that may have an influence on the effectiveness of an antimicrobial treatment. Explain why 70% or 80% alcohol is more effective than 100% alcohol in controlling microorganisms.a. What can you observe in viewing your stained bacterial slide under the microscope if you fixed a lot of bacterial colonies in your slide during smear preparation? b. What can you observe in viewing your stained bacterial slide under the microscope if you heat fixed your slide in a much longer exposure to heat?