Select all of the following statentents that are a PLAUSIBLE explanation for the data Patient 1 (red) Patient 2 (blue) 1o- 200- 150 150- 125- 100- 30 45 60 75 90 30 45 60 75 90 Time (min) Time (min) DPatient 1 is insulin-deficient O Patient 1 is taking an SGLT2 inhibitor OPatient 2 is taking an SGLT2 inhbitor O The renal SGLT2 transporters saturate at lower threshold in Patient 2 than in Patient 1 O The renal SGLT2 transporters have decreased function in Patient 1
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- A 30-year-old woman complaining of tiredness was seen by her physician. A serum sample was collected at 2 pm. The following results were obtained (reference ranges are given in brackets): TSH 1.3 mU/L (0.5–5) Free T4 15 pmol/L (9–22) Cortisol 220 nmol/L (>550 at 9 am) The physician has asked for advice regarding the interpretation of the results and any further investigations you would recommend. What advice would you give to the physician?Edward and Ariana were provided with injectable insulin. What would be the expected changes in the blood and urine glucose composition if they were injected with insulin? Control Edward Taylor Ariana Perry Presence of Sodium in Urine Blue Blue Orange Blue Blue Presence of Ketone in Urine Pale Pink Pink Pale Pink Pale Pink Pale Pink Urine Glucose Levels (mmol/L) 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 Blood Glucose Levels (mmol/L) 5.6 8.4 5.2 6.1 9.6 Additional Note None Sweet smelling urine None Large urine output Sweet smelling urineIn addition to symptoms of diabetes, which of the following correctly identifies criteria used to diagnose diabetes (select all that apply) O Random plasma glucose concentration > 200 mg/dL. O Fasting plasma glucose > 100 mg/dL. O 2-Hour glucose > 180 mg/dL during a 2 hour post prandial glucose test O Hemoglobin A1C > 6.5%
- A 48 year-old woman with diabetic nephropathy was suffering from end-stage renal disease. They received a kidney transplant 3 months ago and renal function is now considered normal. Since the transplant, their anti-rejection medication regime involves 20mg prednisolone once a day.What test results might be expected when considering the impact of prednisolone on the body? Select ALL that apply [3 marks]- hyperlipemia -increased plasma ACTH - increased plasma cortisol - hyperkalaemia -hyponatremia -anaemia -decreased plasma 11-deoxycortisolDr. Prancer orders Humulin Regular Insulin 14 units sub q STAT. you have a u-100 syringe on hand: how many units of insulin do you draw up? Nitroglycerin is to be given to your client for angina. The physician orders 1/150 grains. How many mg’s would you give?Can any of these urine tests definitively diagnose diabetes? Why or why not? If not, why would a doctor even order a urinalysis? Explain in your own words, do not copy and paste from google. test are: Tests Leukocytes Nitrite Urobilinogen Protein pH Blood Specific G. Ketone Bilirubin Glucose
- 1. Order: Halcion 0.25 mg po at bedtime. Supply: Halcion 0.125 mg/tablet. How many tablets will you administer? 2. Order: Infuse heparin at 1000 units/hr via infusion pump. Supply: heparin 25,000 units in 250mL D5W IV. How many mL/hr? 3. Order: Infuse insulin at 20 units/hr via infusion pump. Supply: insulin 125 units in 250 mL NS IV. How many mL/hr?A 12-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of increased urination and progressive fatigue during the past two weeks. Vital signs are within normal limits except for a pulse of 120/min. Physical examination shows dry skin and mucous membranes. His fasting serum glucose concentration is 350 mg/dL. The patient improves after insulin treatment. Which of the following best describes the effect of insulin binding to the insulin receptor (IR) on the surface of hepatocytes in this patient? a. Activation of serine/threonine kinase activity of the IR b. Down regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase c. Inactivation of ras d. Inhibition of glucose-transporter-4 (GLUT-4) translocation to the cell membrane e. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling pathwayA 30-year-old female patient with uncontrolled hypertension is suspected by an investi- gating endocrinologist of having Conn's syndrome. Results of routine biochemistry were (reference ranges are given in brackets): Sodium Potassium Urea Creatinine Alkaline phosphatase Alanine aminotransferase Albumin Bilirubin Calcium 146 mmol/L 2.1 mmol/L 7.2 mmol/L 146 μmol/L 290 IU/L 20 IU/L 49 g/L 8 μmol/L 2.19 mmol/L (135-145) (3.5-5.0) (3.5-6.6) (70-150) (95-320) (5-42) (35-50) (<17) (2.12-2.62) (a) Are any of the electrolyte concentrations abnormal, and if so what condition is suggested? (b) What further biochemistry investigations would you undertake? Explain your reasoning.
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) highlighted the worst improvements in which of the following outcomes (linked to intensive blood glucose control) a.CVD outcomes b.Eye disease c.Non-fatal CV outcomes d.Nerve disease e.Kidney diseasePlease help me with these questions, more than one answer may be correct for each:The above figures are showing the results BMAL1 gene knockout on the GFR and blood aldosterone in a mouse model over a 24-hour period (12h light, 12h dark). ZT stands for Zeitgeber times, which is simply the number of hours since the beginning of the light period in the day. GFR (dashed lines) was tested for a match to the modeled circadian cycle (solid line in top figure), and a p-value < 0.05 indicates a significant match (both control and knockouts were tested against the same modeled circadian cycle). Significant differences between control (black) and knockout (red) mice blood aldosterone are marked with stars. 1) Genes/proteins that one could knockout that would likely have a similar effect include: H ATPase NA/K ATPase PER Anion exchanger Cryptochrome 2) According to the figures above,…Escalation of care is actioned/intervened for dehydrated patients with tye 1 diabetes. Why?