R COMMANDER OUTPUT R COMMANDER OUTPUT 32 o 38 o meat = chicken Shapiro-Wilk normality test data: triglyceride W = 0.90761, p-value 0.1245 meat = fish Shapiro-Wilk normality test data: 20 triglyceride W = 0.87041, p-value = 0.03421 meat = pork 10 Shapiro-Wilk normality test data: triglyceride W = 0.93761, p-value = 0.3533 chicken fish pork meat R COMMANDER OUTPUT Levene's Test for Homogeneity of Variance (center = "mean") Df F value Pr(>F) 2 0.7724 0.4683 42 group triglyceride
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- Give an example of a variable that can be used asinstrumentfor the following endogeneity problems. In eachcase,explain why you think this is a good instrument.i.Y = Demand for Ethanol& X =EthanolPriceii.Y = Earnings & X = Leisure Time1.56 Longleaf pine trees. The Wade Tract in Thomas County, Georgia, is an old-growth forest of longleaf pine trees (Pinus palustris) that has survived in a relatively undisturbed state since before the settlement of the area by Europeans. A study collected data on 584 of these trees. One of the variables measured was the diameter at breast height (DBH). This is the diameter of the tree at 4.5 feet, and the units are centimeters (cm). Only trees with DBH greater than 1.5 cm were sampled. Here are the diameters of a random sample of 40 of these trees: PINES 27 10.5 13.3 26.0 18.3 52.2 9.2 26.1 17.6 40.5 31.8 47.2 11.4 2.7 69.3 44.4 16.9 35.7 5.4 44.2 2.2 4.3 7.8 38.1 2.2 11.4 51.5 4.9 39.7 32.6 51.8 43.6 2.3 44.6 31.5 40.3 22.3 43.3 37.5 29.1 27.9 (a) Find the five-number summary for these data. (b) Make a boxplot. (c) Make a histogram. (d) Write a short summary of the major features of this distribution. Do you prefer the boxplot or the histogram for these data?A photoconductor film is manufactured at a nominal thickness of 25 mils. The product engineer wishes to increase the mean speed of the film, and believes that this can be achieved by reducing the thickness of the film to 20 mils. Eight samples of each film thickness are manufactured in a pilot production process, and the film speed (in microjoules per square inch) is measured. For the 25-mil film, the sample data result is = 1.15 and 81 = 0.11, while for the 20-mil film, the data yield 2 = 1.06 and 82 = 0.09. Note that an increase in film speed vould lower the value of the observation in microjoules per square inch. (a) Do the data support the claim that reducing the film thickness increases the mean speed of the film? Use a = 0.10 and assume that the two population variances are equal and the underlying population of film speed is normally distributed. What is the P-value for this test? Round your answer to three decimal places (e.g. 98.765). The data the claim that reducing the film…
- A photoconductor film is manufactured at a nominal thickness of 25 mils. The product engineer wishes to increase the mean speed of the film, and believes that this can be achieved by reducing the thickness of the film to 20 mils. Eight samples of each film thickness are manufactured in a pilot production process, and the film speed (in microjoules per square inch) is measured. For the 25-mil film, the sample data result is = 1.13 and 81 = 0.11, while for the 20-mil film, the data yield = 1.08 and 82 = 0.09. Note that an increase in film speed wwould lovwer the value of the observation in microjoules per square inch. (a) Do the data support the claim that reducing the film thickness increases the mean speed of the film? Use a = 0.10 and assume that the two population variances are equal and the underlying population of film speed is normally distributed. What is the P-value for this test? Round your answer to three decimal places (e.g. 98.765). The data v the claim that reducing the…Arm circumferences (cm) and heights (cm) are measured from randomly selected adult females. The 142 pairs of measurements yield x=32.14cm, y=163.36cm, r=.084, P value=.32 and y=160+.111x. Find the best predicted value of y (height) given an adult female with an arm circumference of 40cm. Let the predictor variable x be arm circumference and the response variable y be height. Use a .05 significance level.A sociologist wants to determine if the life expectancy of people in Africa is less than the life expectancy of people in Asia. The data obtained is shown in the table below. Africa Asia = 63.3 yr. 1 X,=65.2 yr. 2 o, = 9.1 yr. = 7.3 yr. n1 = 120 = 150
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- 5. Oxygen demand is a term blologists use to describe the axygen needed by fish and other aquatic organisms for survval. The Environmental Protection Agency conducted a study of a wetland area in Marin County, Californla. In this wetland environment, the mean oxygen demand was u=9.9 mg/L, and a= 1.7 mg/L. (Reference: EPA Report 832-R- 93- 005). Let x be a random varlable that represents oxygen demand in this wetland environment. Assume x has a probability distribution that is approximately normal. a. An oxygen demand below 8 mg/L Indicates that some organisms In the wetland environment may be dying. What is the probability that the oxygen demand will fall below 8 mg/L? b. A high oxygen demand can also indicate trouble. An oxygen demand above 12 mg/L may indicate an overabundance of organisms that endanger some types of plant life. What is the probability that the oxygen demand will exceed 12 mg/L?Arsenic is a chemical element that occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. The main use of metallic arsenic is for strengthening alloys of copper and lead. Unfortunately, arsenic occurs in some ground water. In large quantities it is toxic for multicellular life. A mean arsenic level of 8 particles per billion (ppb) is considered safe for agricultural use. A well in Texas is used to water cotton crops. This well is tested regularly for arsenic. A random sample 37 tests gave a sample mean of 7.2 ppb arsenic with standard deviation of 1.9 ppb. Assume that arsenic levels are normally distributed. We are to use the sample data and test if mean arsenic level in the well in question is less than 8 ppb. a. Test statistic isb. The ? − value of the test isc. At the significance level calculated in part c), we conclude that mean arsenic level in thewell isAn engineer in charge of a production process that produces a stain for outdoor decks has designed a study to test the research hypothesis that an additive to the stain will produce an increase in the ability of the stain to resist water absorption. The mean absorption rate of the stain without the additive is 40 units. The enginner places that stain with the additive on n=50 pieces of decking material and records y=36.5 and s=13.1. Let μ denote the mean absorption rate of the stain. You must state the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. Use a=0.05